Further research to identify differences in the biochemical composition of blood group antigens, and the relationship to risks for disease, can be important for the identification of targets for the development of transfusions, nutritional intervention strategies, and the identification of druggable targets.
Image source: Visualizing The Most Widespread Blood Types in Every Country (visualcapitalist.com)
Image source: Visualizing The Most Widespread Blood Types in Every Country (visualcapitalist.com)
The relationship between blood groups and disease
David. J. Anstee
BLOOD GROUP CLASSIFICATIONS (A )Plea for Uniformity*
I. H. Erb., Can Med Assoc J. 1940 May; 42(5): 418–421. |
What would happen if someone with just 'A' blood type had a blood transfusion? If you give them blood from someone with AB blood ('A' and 'B' molecules), their 'B' antibodies would bind to the 'B' molecules on the blood that they have just received, and then their body would start to destroy all of these 'B' cells that they just received. This reaction is going to cause a huge amount of inflammation, because their body is going to suddenly see all these antigens as dangerous, and it's going to cause their whole immune system to rev up. Source: https://www.khanacademy.org/science/health-and-medicine/advanced-hematologic-system/hematologic-system-introduction/v/blood-types
What's Your Blood Type?
Personalized Nutrition What Your Blood Type Means for Your Health by Dr Peter D’Adamo (1)
James D'Adamo (Hemolologists, Naturopath) believed maybe there's something in the difference in the blood that could explain why people respond differently to these different types of diets. After his death, his son Peter continued his father's work. In 1996 Dr. Peter D'Adamo revolutionized the health and nutrition world with the publication of 'Eat Right For Your Blood Type'. This New York Times bestseller has helped millions of people dramatically improve their health and well-being since then he's written more than 20 books on personalized nutrition. Highlights listed below include:
Personalized Nutrition What Your Blood Type Means for Your Health by Dr Peter D’Adamo (1)
James D'Adamo (Hemolologists, Naturopath) believed maybe there's something in the difference in the blood that could explain why people respond differently to these different types of diets. After his death, his son Peter continued his father's work. In 1996 Dr. Peter D'Adamo revolutionized the health and nutrition world with the publication of 'Eat Right For Your Blood Type'. This New York Times bestseller has helped millions of people dramatically improve their health and well-being since then he's written more than 20 books on personalized nutrition. Highlights listed below include:
- Type A: Called the agrarian, or cultivator. People who are type A should eat a diet rich in plants, and completely free of "toxic" red meat. This closely resembles a vegetarian diet.
- Type B: Called the nomad. These people can eat plants and most meats (except chicken and pork), and can also eat some dairy. However, they should avoid wheat, corn, lentils, tomatoes and a few other foods.
- Type AB: Called the enigma. Described as a mix between types A and B. Foods to eat include seafood, tofu, dairy, beans and grains. They should avoid kidney beans, corn, beef and chicken.
- Type O: Called the hunter. This is a high-protein diet based largely on meat, fish, poultry, certain fruits and vegetables, but limited in grains, legumes and dairy. It closely resembles the paleo diet. Blood Type O originated two and a half million years ago sometime well before the origin of Neanderthals (source: 42:33). People who live outside of Africa in pre-Columbian times are like the Neanderthal and people who live inside of Africa are less like the Neanderthal. Both Africans and non-Africans share Neanderthal like characteristics but the non Africans share them about 5% more. That's the signature of Neanderthal
- contribution to those populations.
Notes:
|
|
Blood Group O
|
Blood Group A
|
Blood Group B
|
Blood Group AB
|
O+ blood - has only Rh antigens
O- blood - produces anti-A, anti-B, and anti-Rh |
type A+ - has A and Rh antigens
A- blood - has only A antigens |
B+ blood - has B and Rh antigens
B- blood - produces anti-A, anti-Rh My B Blood Group (Mongolian) History | Michelle Robert Smith
www.michellerobertsmith.com/origins/dr-dadamo-b-blood-group-history/ The Mongolians were certainly responsible for introducing the gene for blood group B into the eastern European populations. |
AB+ blood - produces no antibodies
AB- blood - has only A and B antigens |
- Variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (section Blood products)
In 2004, a report showed that vCJD can be transmitted by blood transfusions.[10] The finding alarmed healthcare officials because a large epidemic of the disease could result in the near future. A blood test for vCJD infection is possible[11] but is not yet available for screening blood donations. Significant restrictions exist to protect the blood supply. The UK government banned anyone who had received a blood transfusion since January 1980 from donating blood.[12]
History of Blood Typing
In 1900 the Austrian physician Karl Landsteiner first discovered blood types, winning the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his research in 1930. Jul 15, 2014. Future - Why do we have blood types? - BBC 1921: Table 1 BLOOD GROUPS AND SUSCEPTIBILITY TO DISEASE: A REVIEW BY J. A. FRASER ROBERTS Clinical Genetics Research Unit, Institute of Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street, London. Brit. J. prev. soc. Med. (1957), 11, 107-125 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1058666/pdf/brjprevsmed00047-0001.pdf Buchanan and Higley analyzed the results for 2,446 patients grouped at the Mayo Clinic from BLOOD GROUPS AND SUSCEPTIBILITY TO DISEASE January 1917 to May 1921. They classified the patients into seventeen diseases or groups of diseases, with a residual miscellaneous group. A summary of the figures is presented in Table 1. |
Although there are thousands of publications on the associations of blood groups with disease, many are based totally on statistical analyses. Most of the earlier studies have been controversial, because they were small studies or had inadequate controls or had been analyzed incorrectly. Nevertheless, it is difficult to argue with the general pattern that emerges from the large body of statistical data on malignancy, coagulation, and infection. Recent findings in membrane chemistry, tumor immunology, and infectious disease (especially relating to microbial receptors) add a scientific rationale for some of these statistical relationships. Some of the more recent findings on microbial receptors, the hematologic abnormalities seen when high-frequency blood group antigens are missing, and the association with immunologically important proteins are most convincing and suggest that blood group antigens do sometimes play a biologic role; this role may relate directly, or more often be completely unrelated, to the red blood cell (RBC). This review lays down a historical background; for more detailed reviews on the associations of blood groups with malignancy, microbial receptors, RBC adhesion molecules, and RBC function, see the reviews following in this issue of Transfusion Medicine Reviews.(1), (2) infectious-risks-and-complications-of-blood-transfusions
Disease Risk for Blood Type Compared with Other Blood Types
Table 2 (left) are conclusions derived from meta analysis and other research documents discussing blood types which have an Increased (Ir) Risk or a Decreased Risk (Dr) for developing specific diseases.
Having a specific Blood Type does not result in the disease it merely suggest that one is prone to develop the condition if possible risk factors are not avoided (smoking, environmental toxin overload, high ongoing stress, malnutrition, etc ...) 'A' blood type for example, puts one at a higher risk of several types of cancer, such as some forms of pancreatic cancer and leukaemia. They are also more prone to smallpox infections, heart disease and severe malaria. Understanding the potential to develop a disease goes a long way in preventing the disease for ever developing. References: (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), (6), (7), (8), (9), (10), (11), (12), (13), (14), (15), (16), (17), NOTES:
* The relationship between blood groups and disease (74) - historical * certain microbial parasites share blood group antigens with their hosts (molecular mimicry) (75) * A study published by Hutson et al. in 2002 showed that individuals with an O phenotype were more likely to be infected with norovirus (Hutson et al. 2002), whereas subjects with a B histo-blood group antigen had a decreased risk of infection and symptomatic disease ((Hutson et al. 2002) 1. Recently, Tan et al. proposed that the association of ABO blood group antigens with susceptibility to norovirus infection may be strain-specific rather than genogroup-dependent86. |
The Relationship of Blood Group with Disease Risks
Both the ABO and Rh blood groups systems have been associated with a number of diseases, but this is more likely related to the presence or absence of these tissue antigens throughout the body and not directly or primarily related to their presence on RBCs.14 Although early research relied on using statistical methods to associate the blood groups with diseases such as infection, malignancy, and coagulation, these associations have more recently been given scientific validation through extensive research in infectious disease, tumor immunology, and membrane chemistry.14,
Read More
Read More
Doctors first began to notice a link between blood types and different diseases in the middle of the 20th Century, and the list has continued to grow as seen in Table 3 (below): The risk factors and blood groups or antigens associated with various diseases, based on the research presented in
'Blood Type Biochemistry and Human Disease' by D Rose Ewald and Susan CJ Sumner
Wiley Interdiscip Rev Syst Biol Med. 2016 Nov; 8(6): 517–535.Published online 2016 Sep 7. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1355
Link https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5061611/
'Blood Type Biochemistry and Human Disease' by D Rose Ewald and Susan CJ Sumner
Wiley Interdiscip Rev Syst Biol Med. 2016 Nov; 8(6): 517–535.Published online 2016 Sep 7. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1355
Link https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5061611/
Despite the relatively primitive research technology available in the mid-1900s, intense, painstaking, and rigorous scientific research efforts enabled precise chemical identification of the carbohydrate structure of a human red blood cell (RBC) surface antigen by 1957, and in 1959 the biosynthetic pathways of the antigens known at that time were proposed. 2
Since then, exponential advances in technology and the sequencing of the genome have resulted in the identification of hundreds of blood group antigens, classified into more than 30 blood group systems, and the genes which they express have been cloned and sequenced.1 Although the molecular genetic sequences are known for these genes and their enzymes have been identified, there is still much research to be done in order to fully understand the structure, function, and interactions of the antigens they synthesize.
Read More
Since then, exponential advances in technology and the sequencing of the genome have resulted in the identification of hundreds of blood group antigens, classified into more than 30 blood group systems, and the genes which they express have been cloned and sequenced.1 Although the molecular genetic sequences are known for these genes and their enzymes have been identified, there is still much research to be done in order to fully understand the structure, function, and interactions of the antigens they synthesize.
Read More
Elderberry vs Flu Vaccine in Blood Types
Why does elderberry work? 1. People taking the elderberry were able to produce higher anti-haemagglutination titers to influenza B (meaning their immune system essentially performed better and they now have a higher level of recognition should this "flu" return). 2. Elderberry inhibits neuraminidase (the same neuraminidase that scientists are spending millions of dollars designing drugs against). (Editor's note: Zanamivir to an extent duplicates this neuraminidase blocking ability of elderberry, but does not appear to have elderberry's beneficial impact on the immune system). When researchers, or doctors speak of the "flu", they are being very specific and mean an infection by the influenza virus. Epidemic influenza is divided into type A and type B. Influenza is associated with about 20,000 deaths/yr, especially for the elderly, immuno-compromised, or those who have an existing condition, such as asthma, diabetes or heart disease. Source: 1. Elderberry https://phytochem.nal.usda.gov/phytochem/search/list |
The Blood Type Diets : Blood Type and Influenza
|
Some people may be innately immune to Norwalk-like virus, despite multiple exposures.
Risk factors for waterborne enteric infections
Balbus, John , Embrey, Martha A. weebly
Current Opinion in Gastroenterology: January 2002 - Volume 18 - Issue 1 - p 46-50
https://journals.lww.com/co-gastroenterology/Abstract/2002/01000/Risk_factors_for_waterborne_enteric_infections.8.aspx
Risk factors for waterborne enteric infections
Balbus, John , Embrey, Martha A. weebly
Current Opinion in Gastroenterology: January 2002 - Volume 18 - Issue 1 - p 46-50
https://journals.lww.com/co-gastroenterology/Abstract/2002/01000/Risk_factors_for_waterborne_enteric_infections.8.aspx
Scientists could then begin comparing the ABO gene from humans to other species. Laure Segurel and her colleagues at the National Center for Scientific Research in Paris have led the most ambitious survey of ABO genes in primates to date. And they’ve found that our blood types are profoundly old. Gibbons and humans both have variants for both A and B blood types, and those variants come from a common ancestor that lived 20 million years ago.
Our blood types might be even older, but it’s hard to know how old. Scientists have yet to analyse the genes of all primates, so they can’t see how widespread our own versions are among other species. But the evidence that scientists have gathered so far already reveals a turbulent history to blood types. In some lineages mutations have shut down one blood type or another. Chimpanzees, our closest living relatives, have only type A and type O blood. Gorillas, on the other hand, have only B. In some cases mutations have altered the ABO gene, turning type A blood into type B. And even in humans, scientists are finding, mutations have repeatedly arisen that prevent the ABO protein from building a second storey on the blood type house. These mutations have turned blood types from A or B to O. “There are hundreds of ways of being type O,” says Westhoff. Bombay puzzle Read More: Future - Why do we have blood types? - BBC By Carl Zimmer, Jul 15, 2014. https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20140715-why-do-we-have-blood-types
|
Encyclopedia of Evolution
|
Molecular Epidemiology of Foodborne Diseases
By Afshan Shafi, Umar Farooq, Kashif Akram, Muhammad Zaki Khan, Zafar Hayat, Khizar Hayat
Book Sequencing Technologies in Microbial Food Safety and Quality
Book Sequencing Technologies in Microbial Food Safety and Quality
Epidemiology is a branch of medicine responsible for the study of cause, distribution, and determinants of disease that helps in preventing and controlling the disease. Molecular epidemiology was developed by merging epidemiological studies with molecular biology. By merging these two techniques, there was a development of laboratory techniques, which could be applied on large sample sizes that assist epidemiologists to conduct epidemiological studies at molecular levels. The basic concept in medical epidemiology is that there may be harmful microorganism or problematic chemical present in the food that cause disease. There are different foodborne diseases having different etiologies including bacterial, fungal, viral, and parasitic. These diseases result in serious illness prevalence of every 1/10 people in the world, 420,000 deaths/year of which 30% are children under 5 years, and 14.5% are hospitalized cases. So by keeping in view the importance of molecular epidemiology in diagnoses and treatment of foodborne diseases, this chapter focuses on foodborne diseases, their causative microorganisms and their diagnoses through molecular technologies, like immunoassay, in situ high-affinity capture and staining method, biosensors, optical biosensors, polymerase chain reaction PCR assay, potentiometry, etc.
The list below includes some of the autoantibody tests that are used to identify systemic autoimmune disorders. These disorders may cause signs and symptoms associated with inflammation throughout the body.
|
Organ-specific autoantibodies: These are examples of autoantibodies associated with certain systems or organs:
Clotting (coagulation) system
|
Endocrine/metabolic system Muscles Thyroid
|
Notes:
- Antibodies: Special proteins that travel in the blood and help our bodies to destroy viruses or bacteria that may have infected our bodies
- Antibodies: The binding of antibodies cause viruses to stick together, thus they are marked for destruction
- Does our bodies make antibodies against any molecule that are part of our own bodies? NO!
-antibodies help to defend against invading viruses and bacteria, but normally antibodies do not attack our own body cells
ex Type A blood does not make Anti-A antibodies that will attack its own A antigens - Mixing incompatible blood types can result in Agglutination reaction. This is when the red blood cells connect together to form clumps much like large clots these can be fatal
- Rh Factor: Protein on the surface of the Red blood cell.
- If someone with RH- blood receives a transfusion with someone with RH+ blood they can develop antibodies (anti RH antibodies) that attack red blood cells
- If an RH- mom has an RH+ baby, if the blood mixes at birth mom can develop antibodies against RH+ blood. So if mom has a second pregnancy with an RH+ baby what happens; mom's antibodies could attack the babies red blood cells this is called Hemolytic disease of the newborn.
- Anti-Seruma: Blood serum containing antibodies against specific antigens, injected to treat or protect against a specific diseases.
Antibodies are highly specific, naturally evolved molecules that recognize and eliminate pathogenic and disease antigens.
An anti-antibody is an antibody that binds to other antibodies! Usually antibodies bind to antigens (little amino acid sequences in a bigger molecule, for example). But they can bind to anything, really – including other antibodies. Sometimes this can cause problems. For example, patients with rheumatoid arthritis make something called rheumatoid factor, which is an antibody (happens to be IgM) that binds to the patient’s own IgG. This binding can cause the formation of immune complexes (just a bunch of antibodies bound together, floating around) which can lodge in the joint space and cause inflammation.One good use for anti-antibodies is in the test called the direct antiglobulin test (or Coombs’ test). This test is used to see if a patient’s red cells are coated with antibody. You take the patient’s red cells and add a little Coombs’ reagent (an antibody that will bind to basically any human immunoglobulin. It’s made by injecting human Ig into another animal, like a mouse.). If the patient’s red cells are coated with antibody, the Coombs’ reagent will attach to those antibodies, linking red cells together into a big clump that you can see with your naked eye. Pretty ingenious test. Anti-antibodies are also used in a lot of other immunologic tests, like immunofluorescence, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and western blots.
So: anti-antibodies are cool when you use them in tests, not cool when they form on their own in your body.
|
1.
|
The five subclasses of antibodies
IgA, IgG, and IgM are often measured together. That way, they can give doctors important information about immune system functioning, especially relating to infection or autoimmune disease.
Immunoglobulin
A (IgA), which is found in high concentrations in the mucous membranes, particularly those lining the respiratory passages and gastrointestinal tract, as well as in saliva and tears. |
Immunoglobulin
G (IgG), the most abundant type of antibody, is found in all body fluids and protects against bacterial and viral infections. |
Immunoglobulin
M (IgM), which is found mainly in the blood and lymph fluid, is the first antibody to be made by the body to fight a new infection. |
Immunoglobulin
E (IgE), which is associated mainly with allergic reactions (when the immune system overreacts to environmental antigens such as pollen or pet dander). It is found in the lungs, skin, and mucous membranes. |
Immunoglobulin
D (IgD), which exists in small amounts in the blood, is the least understood antibody. |
Metabolomics in Antigen Research
Because we know that the blood type is defined by oligosaccharide structures, it is reasonable to believe that differences in biochemical profiles of individuals may also be related to differences in blood type, antigens, and secretor status. Metabolomics studies have revealed differences in the biochemical profiles based on ethnicity,74, 75 and blood type is also known to be distributed differently among different ethnicities.76 Recent work by Sumner and colleagues at the NIH Common Fund Eastern Regional Metabolomics Resource Core have demonstrated differences in the metabotypes of individuals based on blood groups.77 While research on the metabotypes of blood types and the influence on disease and health has just started, this area of research can greatly contribute to the identification of targets for the development of nutritional intervention strategies, as well as the identification of druggable targets for drug discovery.
Metabolomics is a robust analytical tool that identifies and quantifies the small metabolites produced in living, biological systems, speeds up identification of metabolic biomarkers that reflect the physiological status of cells, and reveals metabolic mechanisms of cellular activity.78 In humans, it has been used to distinguish the different metabolic profiles of normal and sickle cell erythrocytes,79 and to study the mechanisms and pathogenesis of osteoarthritis;80 xenobiotic toxicity; liver, breast, colon, and prostate cancer; inflammatory bowel disease; liver disease; and Alzheimer’s disease.81 Metabolomics has also proven invaluable for understanding the pathogenesis of Barth Syndrome;82 metabolic consequences of chronic inflammation;83 and metabolic dysregulation, molecular complexities, and nutrient imbalances behind T2DM.84 There is now compelling evidence that human commensal microbiota play a significant role in health and disease; the microbiome has the ability to generate biochemical compounds in sufficient quantities to be detected in blood metabolites,85 and in turn, the composition of the microbiome can be quite affected by dietary changes.72, 84 Of more significance is the finding that blood group antigens and secretor status are genetically determined host factors that influence the composition of the human intestinal microbiome.72, 73 The associations between blood groups and diseases are well documented; the use of metabolomics in blood group antigen research would finally reveal the complex mechanisms and processes involved. Metabolomics has great potential to streamline diagnosis, treatment, monitoring, and prevention of disease, and will greatly simplify collaboration between the fields of clinical research, drug development, personalized medicine, and personalized nutrition.78, 86
Because we know that the blood type is defined by oligosaccharide structures, it is reasonable to believe that differences in biochemical profiles of individuals may also be related to differences in blood type, antigens, and secretor status. Metabolomics studies have revealed differences in the biochemical profiles based on ethnicity,74, 75 and blood type is also known to be distributed differently among different ethnicities.76 Recent work by Sumner and colleagues at the NIH Common Fund Eastern Regional Metabolomics Resource Core have demonstrated differences in the metabotypes of individuals based on blood groups.77 While research on the metabotypes of blood types and the influence on disease and health has just started, this area of research can greatly contribute to the identification of targets for the development of nutritional intervention strategies, as well as the identification of druggable targets for drug discovery.
Metabolomics is a robust analytical tool that identifies and quantifies the small metabolites produced in living, biological systems, speeds up identification of metabolic biomarkers that reflect the physiological status of cells, and reveals metabolic mechanisms of cellular activity.78 In humans, it has been used to distinguish the different metabolic profiles of normal and sickle cell erythrocytes,79 and to study the mechanisms and pathogenesis of osteoarthritis;80 xenobiotic toxicity; liver, breast, colon, and prostate cancer; inflammatory bowel disease; liver disease; and Alzheimer’s disease.81 Metabolomics has also proven invaluable for understanding the pathogenesis of Barth Syndrome;82 metabolic consequences of chronic inflammation;83 and metabolic dysregulation, molecular complexities, and nutrient imbalances behind T2DM.84 There is now compelling evidence that human commensal microbiota play a significant role in health and disease; the microbiome has the ability to generate biochemical compounds in sufficient quantities to be detected in blood metabolites,85 and in turn, the composition of the microbiome can be quite affected by dietary changes.72, 84 Of more significance is the finding that blood group antigens and secretor status are genetically determined host factors that influence the composition of the human intestinal microbiome.72, 73 The associations between blood groups and diseases are well documented; the use of metabolomics in blood group antigen research would finally reveal the complex mechanisms and processes involved. Metabolomics has great potential to streamline diagnosis, treatment, monitoring, and prevention of disease, and will greatly simplify collaboration between the fields of clinical research, drug development, personalized medicine, and personalized nutrition.78, 86
Stem Cell Resources
Find featured stem cell resources including handbooks, protocols, webinars, and more in the Stem Cell Research Learning Center. See complete list of stem cell resources in the Stem Cell Research Resource Library.
* The power of Stem Cells - poster
* Epithelial Keratins and Stem Cells - help regenerate your cornea every nine months or so
Find featured stem cell resources including handbooks, protocols, webinars, and more in the Stem Cell Research Learning Center. See complete list of stem cell resources in the Stem Cell Research Resource Library.
* The power of Stem Cells - poster
* Epithelial Keratins and Stem Cells - help regenerate your cornea every nine months or so
Blood type distribution by country
This list concerns blood type distribution between countries and regions. Blood type is a classification of blood, based on the presence and absence of antibodies and inherited antigenic substances on the surface of red blood cells. These antigens may be proteins, carbohydrates, glycoproteins, or glycolipids, depending on the blood group system. Source: Wikipedia
This list concerns blood type distribution between countries and regions. Blood type is a classification of blood, based on the presence and absence of antibodies and inherited antigenic substances on the surface of red blood cells. These antigens may be proteins, carbohydrates, glycoproteins, or glycolipids, depending on the blood group system. Source: Wikipedia
Live Blood Analysis
Diagnostics for
all company which has developed a
easy-to-use low-cost test strip which
when exposed with a drop of blood for
example can ultimately allow to identify
a variety of illnesses this has a
potential tremendous impact on sixty
percent of the world population who
lives beyond the reach of hospitals or
medical infrastructure
all company which has developed a
easy-to-use low-cost test strip which
when exposed with a drop of blood for
example can ultimately allow to identify
a variety of illnesses this has a
potential tremendous impact on sixty
percent of the world population who
lives beyond the reach of hospitals or
medical infrastructure
Candida Blood Analysis and Dark Field Microscopy
www.youtube.com/watch?v=2PVJGiOGA5Y
www.youtube.com/watch?v=2PVJGiOGA5Y
|
video
Pleomorphism www.youtube.com/watch?v=_gAiHSikIR4 Live Blood Analysis Equipment https://www.neogenesissystems.com/products/live-blood-analysis-equipment/ How to Choose a Darkfield Microscope for for Live Blood Analysis (HD) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=31HHuu6L1T4 |
|
Paragraph. ここをクリックして編集する.
Types of organism
Eukaryotes
Cells contain mitochondria (for respiration) and a nucleus (containing DNA), e.g. animals, plants, fungi and protoctists Animals No cell wall and no chloroplasts (don't carry out photosynthesis). Are multicellular and don't make their own food, but store carbohydrates as glycogen. Have nervous coordination (using nerves) and are able to move around. e.g. mammals (e.g. whales) and insects (e.g. mosquitoes) Plants Have a cell wall (made of cellulose) and contains chloroplasts (carry out photosynthesis). Are multicellular and make their own carbohydrate food, stored as sucrose or starch. Can be divided into flowering (e.g. cereals (e.g. maize) and herbaceous legumes (e.g. peas)) and non-flowering (e.g. pines and ferns) plants. Fungi Have cell walls (containing chitin) and no chloroplasts. Can be multicellular or unicellular and are saprotrophic (feed by secreting enzymes and absorbing broken down decaying matter), often storing carbohydrates as glycogen. Bodies are made up of mycelium - contains many thread-like structures, hyphae. e.g. mushrooms and single-celled yeast. Protoctists Are unicellular and have nuclei (membrane-bound structures that contain genetic materials). e.g. Amoeba (similar to animal cells) and Chlorella (similar to plant cells and chloroplasts). Prokaryotes Single-celled organisms without a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles, e.g. bacteria Bacteria Are unicellular and have cell walls and circular loops of DNA (not inside a nucleus). Some bacteria photosynthesizes, and some feed off decaying matter. Can be rod-shaped (e.g. Lactobacillus - turns milk into yoghurt) or spherical (e.g. Pneumococcus - causes pneumonia). |
Pleomorphism in Human Body -Mystical Science Pt6
www.youtube.com/watch?v=cI0v_h-Y0UY Rolo formation of emphasized can only be explained by the altered electrical charge on the membrane caused by the electromagnetic processes The biological transformation of bacteria into a red blood cell and then bacteria out of the red blood cell, is reversible with the term environment relating to:
|
Paragraph. ここをクリックして編集する.
RH- mom- RH+ baby
If an RH- mom has an RH+ baby and if the blood mixes at birth, mom can develop antibodies against RH+ blood. So if mom has a second pregnancy with an RH+ baby her recently newly developed antibodies could attack the babies red blood cells causing Hemolytic disease of the newborn.
Genetic mapping helps to show that a mutation from RH positive to RH negative occurred somewhere in the Basque area of Europe maybe as much as 40,000 years ago. So what happened then? Ice Age Polarity Reversal Was a Global Event: Extremely Brief Reversal of Geomagnetic Field, Climate Variability, and Super Volcano. Read More: https://jungiangenealogy.weebly.com/bloodline-memes.html
Notes: Antiserum
If an RH- mom has an RH+ baby and if the blood mixes at birth, mom can develop antibodies against RH+ blood. So if mom has a second pregnancy with an RH+ baby her recently newly developed antibodies could attack the babies red blood cells causing Hemolytic disease of the newborn.
Genetic mapping helps to show that a mutation from RH positive to RH negative occurred somewhere in the Basque area of Europe maybe as much as 40,000 years ago. So what happened then? Ice Age Polarity Reversal Was a Global Event: Extremely Brief Reversal of Geomagnetic Field, Climate Variability, and Super Volcano. Read More: https://jungiangenealogy.weebly.com/bloodline-memes.html
Notes: Antiserum
Title Text. ここをクリックして編集する.
Paragraph. ここをクリックして編集する.
Cannabis and the Heart- April 18 2019Cardiac Rehab Alumni Channel
Dr. Maryanne Demasi - 'Statin Wars: Have we been misled by the evidence?'Low Carb Down Under
1.4M views3 years ago
45:24NOW PLAYING
The BIG MYTH Behind Heart Disease & What ACTUALLY CAUSES It! |Dr. Elizabeth Boham & Mark HymanMark Hyman, MD
Statin Misinformation: Mayo Clinic RadioMayo Clinic
Atrial Fibrillation: New Solutions for an Old ProblemUT Health East Texas
New revelations about Hunter will hit President Joe Biden's already plummeting popularitySky News Australia
Blood Pressure: How High is Too High and How Do I Lower it Safely?University of California Television (UCTV)
Too Much Medicine & The Great Statin Con - Dr Aseem MalhotraPublic Health Collaboration
The #1 Killer - and they’re treating it ALL wrong | Ep173The Dr. Gundry Podcast
274K views5 months ago
Cannabis and the Heart- April 18 2019Cardiac Rehab Alumni Channel
Dr. Maryanne Demasi - 'Statin Wars: Have we been misled by the evidence?'Low Carb Down Under
1.4M views3 years ago
45:24NOW PLAYING
The BIG MYTH Behind Heart Disease & What ACTUALLY CAUSES It! |Dr. Elizabeth Boham & Mark HymanMark Hyman, MD
Statin Misinformation: Mayo Clinic RadioMayo Clinic
Atrial Fibrillation: New Solutions for an Old ProblemUT Health East Texas
New revelations about Hunter will hit President Joe Biden's already plummeting popularitySky News Australia
Blood Pressure: How High is Too High and How Do I Lower it Safely?University of California Television (UCTV)
Too Much Medicine & The Great Statin Con - Dr Aseem MalhotraPublic Health Collaboration
The #1 Killer - and they’re treating it ALL wrong | Ep173The Dr. Gundry Podcast
274K views5 months ago