The Viral Load
One might rightly assume that if viruses are the most abundant microbes in the body, they would be the target of the majority of human microbiome studies. But that assumption would be horribly wrong. The study of the human virome lags so far behind the study of bacteria that we are only just now uncovering some of their most basic features. This lag is due to it having taken scientists much longer to recognize the presence of a human virome, and a lack of standardized and sophisticated tools to decipher what’s actually in your virome.
Viruses are biological entities that can only thrive and multiply in a host, which is a living organism such as a human, an animal, or a plant. Viruses are unable to reproduce independently and are totally dependent on their host. Some viruses cause disease.
The first outbreak of a disease caused by yet an unknown pathogen is known as emerging disease. It could also be described as known diseases whose incidence in humans have significantly increased in the past two decades and are threatening to increase in the near future. Re-emerging diseases are those caused by a different strain of a known pathogen, or diseases that have re-appeared after a significant decline in incidence. Deliberately emerging diseases are those introduced intentionally as agents of bioterrorism. Up to date about 1,407 human pathogens have been identified out of which
|
|
Viral-Induced Enhanced Disease Illness
Maria K. Smatti, et al., Front. Microbiol., 05 December 2018 www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2018.02991/full Virus pathogenesis and host immunity relationship is controlled by multiple factors. ADE is a complex disorder that may lead to extreme virulence for many viruses. Considering the involvement of wide number of viruses in ADE, various mechanisms were proposed to explain this phenomenon. Current observations suggest that ADE is primarily induced by non-neutralizing antibodies, via FcγR (Taylor et al., 2015), or complement dependent pathway (Takada and Kawaoka, 2003). During the course of infection, different types of antibodies are produced representing mixture of neutralizing, enhancing, and non-neutralizing antibodies (Takada et al., 2007). Virus enhancement or neutralization depend on multiple factors, including antibodies type and class, antibodies titers, strain of the virus, as well as the presence of certain complement molecules. Surface proteins are the main antigenic determinants of antibody enhancing response, such as:
Numerous studies have characterized the host factors (B and T cellular responses) and viral factors (targeted epitopes) responsible for disease protection/enhancement. In the context of vaccine design, it is important to ensure that all vaccine are tested at different doses to ensure the elicitation of optimal titers of neutralizing antibodies. Better understanding of viral-host interplay in the context of enhanced disease illness would greatly improve the development of highly safe and effective vaccine and therapeutics. |
|
Lyme disease and COVID
"All the people who are diagnosed as chronic Lyme disease, it's not only the Borrelia, we know that they have a lot of co-infections with Lyme disease: Lyme disease with co-infectionsResearchers from Columbia University, Tufts Medical Center, and Yale School of Medicine examined the extent of co-infections in patients diagnosed with Lyme disease. danielcameronmd.com/lyme-disease-co-infections/
|
|
So it's much more complex and I think that in the population, most of the people harbor such microorganisms but they are in good health because they have a good immune system but if you decrease this immune system after COVID-19 for example, it's a kind of chronic Lyme disease; I don't like this term of Lyme disease, it's more complex but chronic symptoms which are developing after this acute episode and I know from my colleagues in France that in the infectious disease consultations they are full of this kind of patients and they don't know what to do with them, so they say go to psych cause it's just in your head."
Professor Christian Perronne Interview - Part 1 www.youtube.com/watch?v=zF-wZrQAlrg |
|
Outbreaks of novel and deadly viruses highlight global vulnerability to emerging diseases, with many having massive health and economic impacts. Our adaptive
toolkit—based largely on vaccines and therapeutics—is often ineffective because countermeasure development can be outpaced by the speed of novel viral emergence and spread. Following each outbreak, the public health community bemoans a lack of prescience, but after decades of reacting to each event with little focus on mitigation, we remain only marginally better protected against the next epidemic. Our ability to mitigate disease emergence is undermined by our poor understanding of the diversity and ecology of viral threats, and of the drivers of their emergence. We describe a Global Virome Project (GVP) aimed to launch in 2018 that will help identify the bulk of this viral threat and provide timely data for public health interventions against future pandemics.
toolkit—based largely on vaccines and therapeutics—is often ineffective because countermeasure development can be outpaced by the speed of novel viral emergence and spread. Following each outbreak, the public health community bemoans a lack of prescience, but after decades of reacting to each event with little focus on mitigation, we remain only marginally better protected against the next epidemic. Our ability to mitigate disease emergence is undermined by our poor understanding of the diversity and ecology of viral threats, and of the drivers of their emergence. We describe a Global Virome Project (GVP) aimed to launch in 2018 that will help identify the bulk of this viral threat and provide timely data for public health interventions against future pandemics.
Meeting of the COVID-19 Giants
with Geert Vanden Bossche and Robert Malone MD www.youtube.com/watch?v=qP31cfD3YOY ALT Meeting of the COVID-19 Giants ALT: https://www.bitchute.com/video/TjrK3mlRC98D/ They contain multiple mutations associated with increased antibody resistance. |
|
Almost one third of American Gulf War veterans suffer from some form of Gulf War Syndrom
https://www.reddit.com/r/todayilearned/comments/3fqg2w/til_almost_one_third_of_american_gulf_war/
Almost one third of American Gulf War veterans suffer from some form of Gulf War Syndrome which is a chronic multisymptom disorder that can cause cognitive problems, muscle pain and fatigue. The cause of the syndrome is still debated.
en.wikipedia.org/w/inde...Timfromct
I'm no anti vaccination guy but they did give me ~22 injections in boot camp and pre deployment, some of which the corpsman wouldn't tell this annoying punk what they were...IcySparks
·
When my wife did drug research for the military, they'd always have samples of blood that they'd do tests on. She once asked where all the blood comes from. The response was, "They tell servicemen they are 'routine blood tests'." In reality, they take blood so they can experiment on it...CaptainAwesome06
Similar story here. We got a good dozen plus in USAF basic back 12 years ago. Walked down a halfway with med techs on both sides getting poked in the arm by each. Efficient, I guess...deleted
and its nothing at all to do with the depleted uranium munitions you were firing off/reloading/hauling around with you? Im not saying it wasnt the vaccines but when there is so much denial that DU munitions have ANY ill effects on the human body/mind it leads me to believe there is more to that particular narrative than we are being told. Also, the Gulf War Syndrome is affecting both Americans and Iraqis.
I dont think the USMC went on an Iraqi citizen vaccination mission to my knowledge, so my guess would be the DU...retroshark
obviouscorporatepost...not to mention they were using depleted uranium rounds...
[deleted]...I had so many undocumented anthrax shots when I was in I'm surprised I didn't piss green for a while. Medical kept giving us shots then losing the documentation so they'd give em again. I'm not joking when I say the number was greater than four, over about a 15 month period
[deleted]..."I am the anthrax Randy." - u/slappyhooper
jpguitfiddler...Do you suffer from any symptoms?
jvaughn24... I had a veteran from Desert Storm tell me that it was due to the Diet Coke they were drinking. Something about keeping it out in the desert sun made it bad for them to drink. He claimed the sun caused the aspartame to break down into formaldehyde and some other stuff. Google "hot diet coke poison"
Meshkent...It's not just the cause, the very existence of the syndrome has been called into question.
playaspec...the very existence of the syndrome has been called into question.
Well, yeah. I guess when you're financially responsible for the health of surviving vets, it makes (financial) sense to deny there is a problem.
Remember, it's no man left behind, until you make it home, then you're completely on your own.
arkofjoy...Didn't the same thing happen with the Vietnam veterans who were exposed to agent orange? Where any adverse effects were denied? Isn't it funny how history repeats itself.
https://www.reddit.com/r/todayilearned/comments/3fqg2w/til_almost_one_third_of_american_gulf_war/
Almost one third of American Gulf War veterans suffer from some form of Gulf War Syndrome which is a chronic multisymptom disorder that can cause cognitive problems, muscle pain and fatigue. The cause of the syndrome is still debated.
en.wikipedia.org/w/inde...Timfromct
I'm no anti vaccination guy but they did give me ~22 injections in boot camp and pre deployment, some of which the corpsman wouldn't tell this annoying punk what they were...IcySparks
·
When my wife did drug research for the military, they'd always have samples of blood that they'd do tests on. She once asked where all the blood comes from. The response was, "They tell servicemen they are 'routine blood tests'." In reality, they take blood so they can experiment on it...CaptainAwesome06
Similar story here. We got a good dozen plus in USAF basic back 12 years ago. Walked down a halfway with med techs on both sides getting poked in the arm by each. Efficient, I guess...deleted
and its nothing at all to do with the depleted uranium munitions you were firing off/reloading/hauling around with you? Im not saying it wasnt the vaccines but when there is so much denial that DU munitions have ANY ill effects on the human body/mind it leads me to believe there is more to that particular narrative than we are being told. Also, the Gulf War Syndrome is affecting both Americans and Iraqis.
I dont think the USMC went on an Iraqi citizen vaccination mission to my knowledge, so my guess would be the DU...retroshark
obviouscorporatepost...not to mention they were using depleted uranium rounds...
[deleted]...I had so many undocumented anthrax shots when I was in I'm surprised I didn't piss green for a while. Medical kept giving us shots then losing the documentation so they'd give em again. I'm not joking when I say the number was greater than four, over about a 15 month period
[deleted]..."I am the anthrax Randy." - u/slappyhooper
jpguitfiddler...Do you suffer from any symptoms?
jvaughn24... I had a veteran from Desert Storm tell me that it was due to the Diet Coke they were drinking. Something about keeping it out in the desert sun made it bad for them to drink. He claimed the sun caused the aspartame to break down into formaldehyde and some other stuff. Google "hot diet coke poison"
Meshkent...It's not just the cause, the very existence of the syndrome has been called into question.
playaspec...the very existence of the syndrome has been called into question.
Well, yeah. I guess when you're financially responsible for the health of surviving vets, it makes (financial) sense to deny there is a problem.
Remember, it's no man left behind, until you make it home, then you're completely on your own.
arkofjoy...Didn't the same thing happen with the Vietnam veterans who were exposed to agent orange? Where any adverse effects were denied? Isn't it funny how history repeats itself.
Paragraph. ここをクリックして編集する.
Exemplify Health Center - A Wellness Way Affiliate | Facebook
How the body handels the COVID VAX when having Type 2 Diabetes - "The Breakthroug Infection"
www.facebook.com/watch/live/?ref=watch_permalink&v=305308464729640 www.facebook.com/watch/ExemplifyHealth/ Patterns Of Deployment of Toxic Covid "Vaccine" Batches (2000) by Craig Paardekooper (bitchute.com) www.bitchute.com/video/keoCmPh3vuiG/ The data he reveals show that Pfizer, Moderna and J&J are playing Russian Roulette with our lives!! |
There are as many as 1.6 million viruses we know nothing about lurking in mammals and birds, and as many as half might have the potential to jump to humans and infect us. That’s an estimate, based on mathematical models, but the threat is clear. Six out 10 infectious diseases that strike us come from animals. The list includes HIV/AIDS, Ebola, MERS, SARS, and in all probability COVID-19. National Geographic: On the hunt for the next deadly virus [17 June 2020]
2021: here, we don't treat the virus, we change it.
Inhibition of native hepatitis C virus replicase by nucleotide and non-nucleoside inhibitors
H Ma, V Leveque, A De Witte, W Li, T Hendricks… - Virology, 2005 - Elsevier … Consistent with our finding, triphosphates of 2′-modified nucleoside analogs also inhibited the HCV replicase and the recombinant NS5B with comparable potency (Migliaccio et al., 2003). Many non-nucleoside inhibitors are allosteric inhibitors with binding sites distant … Cited by 79 Related articles All 7 versions |
Nonnucleoside allosteric inhibitor
|
Allosteric regulation and feedback loops - Khan Academyhttps://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/mcat/biomolecules/enzyme-kinetics/v/allosteric-regulation-and-feedback-loops
Allosteric regulation and feedback loops. ... can affect enzyme kinetics An introduction to enzyme kinetics (video) | Khan Academyhttps://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/mcat/biomolecules/enzyme-kinetics/v/an-introduction-to-enzyme-kinetics ...enzymes speed up reactions by lowering the Delta G of the transition state or lowering the activation energy of a reaction and also remember that for this to happen the reacting substrate ... |
Surprise Remedy for Viruses
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vOpofY2qeYs Monolaurin https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monolaurin ADD YOUR SUCCESS STORY HERE: https://www.drberg.com/add-client-suc... FREE COURSE➜ ➜ http://bit.ly/BulletproofImmuneSystem... |
Pharmacology
Monolaurin in capsule form as a dietary supplement Monolaurin has antibacterial, antiviral, and other antimicrobial effects in vitro,[5][6][7][8][9][10] but its clinical usefulness has not been established. Monolaurin is currently sold as a dietary supplement and is categorized in the United States by the Food and Drug Administration as generally recognized as safe (GRAS).[11] Monolaurin is known to inactivate lipid-coated viruses by binding to the lipid-protein envelope of the virus, thereby preventing it from attaching and entering host cells, making infection and replication impossible.[12] Other studies show that Monolaurin disintegrates the protective viral envelope, killing the virus.[13][14] Monolaurin has been studied to inactivate many pathogens including Herpes simplex virus[15] and Chlamydia trachomatis.[16] Monolaurin also shows promising effects against bacteria (both gram-positive and gram-negative), yeast, fungi, and protozoa. Bacteria including E. coli,[17] yeast including Candida albicans,[18] Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori),[19] Giardia lamblia, Staphylococcus aureus (Staph),[20] and other microbes have all been neutralized by monolaurin in scientific studies. Monolaurin also presented antibacterial and anti-biofilm properties against Borrelia burgdorferi and Borrelia garinii, the bacterium which cause Lyme Disease in humans.[21] Furthermore, monolaurin does not seem to contribute to drug resistance.[22] |
Big Pharma - How much power do drug companies have? | DW Documentary
|
There were Neurological Illnesses Associated with Influenza Vaccination.
22:09 remember the swine flu scare of 1976 that was the year the United States government told us all that swine flu could turn out to be a killer and Washington decided that every man woman and child in the nation should get a shot to prevent a nationwide outbreak a pandemic. Well 46 million of us immediately took the shot. Did anyone ever come to you and say there's the possibility of Neurological Damage if you get into a mass immunization program. No no one ever did no I can't believe that they would say that they did not know that there were neurological illnesses associated with influenza vaccination, that simply is not true we did know that and he's lying. 60 Minutes: Swine Flu (1976) Source: 60 Minutes: Swine Flu (1976) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4bOHYZhL0WQ |
|
29:45
This is a major American discovery, a new treatment against Hepatitis c it helps cure the often deadly chronic liver disease by eradicating the virus, made by the world's 10th largest pharmaceutical company was launched on the U.S. market in 2014. The price of the three-month treatment $84,000.that's a thousand dollars a tablet
www.youtube.com/watch?v=-z_W3yRA9I8&t=37s |
Shutting down viruses
Selenium against Viral Infections: Antiviral Nutrition 2020 (excerpt 6) by Dr Alex Vasquez
|
Diet, Zinc, Copper against Viral Infections: Antiviral Nutrition 2020 (excerpt 5) by Dr Alex Vasquez
|
Vitamin A against Viral Infections: Antiviral Nutrition 2020 (excerpt 4) by Dr Alex Vasquez
|
IMAGE:
WTF?? What 60 Minutes WON'T Tell You About Facebook's 'Whistleblower' | Louder with Crowder https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zsgq-mLyz18 58:07 ... here's something else when you're looking at these trials. Right now the government has an order for 1.7 million courses. 1.2 billion dollars for this pill. They've conducted clinical trials and Merck, hey take a guess how many clinical trials have they conducted on their drug ivermectin, on which the patent has expired in 1996, none, less than one, none... |
ANTIVIRALS
Oseltamivir
Oseltamivir, sold under the brand name Tamiflu, is an antiviral medication used to treat and prevent influenza A and influenza B. Many medical organizations recommend it in people who have complications or are at high risk of complications within 48 hours of first symptoms of infection. Wikipedia but pediatric doses range from three to six milligrams per kilogram per day, metabolic rate scales with body mass.
Oseltamivir, sold under the brand name Tamiflu, is an antiviral medication used to treat and prevent influenza A and influenza B. Many medical organizations recommend it in people who have complications or are at high risk of complications within 48 hours of first symptoms of infection. Wikipedia but pediatric doses range from three to six milligrams per kilogram per day, metabolic rate scales with body mass.
Antibiotics helped billions millions of people,
now we have antibiotic resistance that's killing millions and millions of people.
International Journal of Vaccines and Vaccination Who Had Their Finger on the Magic of Life - Antoine Bechamp or Louis Pasteur? rodscontracts.com/docs/health/MagicEraser.pdf
now we have antibiotic resistance that's killing millions and millions of people.
International Journal of Vaccines and Vaccination Who Had Their Finger on the Magic of Life - Antoine Bechamp or Louis Pasteur? rodscontracts.com/docs/health/MagicEraser.pdf
Think of any intervention you've ever thought of, if it's designed to fight the disease, there are secondary complications that kill the patient, if it's designed to strengthen the immune system the secondary complication is called health.
Retroviridae (link)
Enveloped RNA virus caused by budding that is easily inactivated and resistant to UV or X-rays. Reverse transcriptase is required for replication Viral family that contains these important genes in the virions: GAG, POL, ENV, PRO |
I-Net The Epidemiology Network AMR Travel tool Data visualizations
Developing consensus program and homogenous approach on epidemiological surveillance strategies for AMR and HAI in Europe and addressing research needs to support antibacterial drug development |
Virus survival in the environment
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1782426/ Problem:
|
|
|
Video: Measures to Protect Against BSE www.youtube.com/watch?v=jFo68Z9I-Xo
|
Solution:
- keep the highest risk cattle tissues out of all animal feed
- infected cattle had what is called "Atypical BSE" that is a strain that is different from the classical strain that caused the outbreak in the United Kingdom.
- USDA Announces Atypical Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Detection. 2018. The USDA is announcing an atypical case of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE), a neurologic disease of cattle
- control measures put in place
Factors in the Emergence of Infectious Diseases - Volume 1 ...https://wwwnc.cdc.gov
Pathogens can also acquire new antibiotic resistance genes from other, often nonpathogenic, species in the environment , selected or perhaps even driven by the selection pressure of antibiotics. Many viruses show a high mutation rate and can rapidly evolve to yield new variants . A classic example is influenza . Regular annual epidemics are ...
Pathogens can also acquire new antibiotic resistance genes from other, often nonpathogenic, species in the environment , selected or perhaps even driven by the selection pressure of antibiotics. Many viruses show a high mutation rate and can rapidly evolve to yield new variants . A classic example is influenza . Regular annual epidemics are ...
Virus Adaptation by Manipulation of Host's Gene Expression https://journals.plos.org › plosone
Viruses adapt to their hosts by evading defense mechanisms and taking over cellular metabolism for their own benefit. Alterations in cell metabolism as well as side-effects of antiviral responses contribute to symptoms development and virulence. Sometimes, a virus may spill over from its usual host species into a novel one, where usually will fail to successfully infect and further transmit to ...
Genetically modified virus - Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Genetically_modified_virus
A genetically modified virus is a virus that has been altered or generated using biotechnology methods, and remains capable of infection.Genetic modification involves the directed insertion, deletion, artificial synthesis or change of nucleotide bases in viral genomes. Genetically modified viruses are mostly generated by the insertion of foreign genes intro viral genomes for the purposes of ...
Viruses adapt to their hosts by evading defense mechanisms and taking over cellular metabolism for their own benefit. Alterations in cell metabolism as well as side-effects of antiviral responses contribute to symptoms development and virulence. Sometimes, a virus may spill over from its usual host species into a novel one, where usually will fail to successfully infect and further transmit to ...
Genetically modified virus - Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Genetically_modified_virus
A genetically modified virus is a virus that has been altered or generated using biotechnology methods, and remains capable of infection.Genetic modification involves the directed insertion, deletion, artificial synthesis or change of nucleotide bases in viral genomes. Genetically modified viruses are mostly generated by the insertion of foreign genes intro viral genomes for the purposes of ...
About Common Metabolic Diseases Common Metabolic Diseases (CMD) encompass multiple related diseases associated with metabolic dysregulation in various tissues. Their increasing prevalence represents a major public health burden. A growing body of evidence suggests that these diseases may be driven by common underlying pathologies including genetic drivers and overlapping molecular pathways. The evidence is consistent with data suggesting that the presence of one or more of these diseases, increases the likelihood of developing additional metabolic diseases.
Lipidomics for studying metabolism
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov › 27469345 Many thousands of lipid species exist and their metabolism is interwoven via numerous pathways and networks. These networks can also change in response to cellular environment alterations, such as exercise or development of a disease. Measuring such alterations and understanding the pathways involve … Video Metabolic Disorders www.youtube.com/watch?v=JHeRegc4idc |
|
List of metabolic disorders - Botanical online https://www.botanical-online.com
Main metabolic diseases Characteristics of the metabolic diseases. Metabolic disorders result from a malfunction of metabolism. Metabolism is usually working properly. However, in certain situations metabolic disorders occur as a result of not adequate chemical reactions.. The enzymes and hormones are the components responsible for the chemical reactions of metabolism.
Main metabolic diseases Characteristics of the metabolic diseases. Metabolic disorders result from a malfunction of metabolism. Metabolism is usually working properly. However, in certain situations metabolic disorders occur as a result of not adequate chemical reactions.. The enzymes and hormones are the components responsible for the chemical reactions of metabolism.
|
How coronavirus kills "HEALTHY" people
02:35 ... importantly vegetable oils
|
How coronavirus kills "HEALTHY" people
www.youtube.com/watch?v=hbKB5kAArk8&list=PL3fAtJCT7a9i6YJFPgeIpIF1gyCQHh9ds&index=4 |
Multi-Factorial
Bats are known to be reservoirs of numerous outbeaks and strains of the Coronavirus:
- SARS (2003)
- MERS, Middle East respiratory syndrome (2012)
- Coronavirus (COVID-19)
Read More: The Invisible Enemy: A Natural History of Viruses. by Dorothy H. Crawford
https://fivebooks.com/book/the-invisible-enemy-a-natural-history-of-viruses/
Image: Bat immunity CSIRO commission, by Pen Sapiens https://www.pensapiens.com/blog-index/2016/3/26/bat-immunity-csiro-commission
Pen Sapiens Home Page::https://www.pensapiens.com/blog-index?category=cartoons+%26+comics
https://fivebooks.com/book/the-invisible-enemy-a-natural-history-of-viruses/
Image: Bat immunity CSIRO commission, by Pen Sapiens https://www.pensapiens.com/blog-index/2016/3/26/bat-immunity-csiro-commission
Pen Sapiens Home Page::https://www.pensapiens.com/blog-index?category=cartoons+%26+comics
Vaccine adverse event |
VACCINES, It's a Risk with no Insurance |
|
|
Special Solari Report: Dr. Sherri Tenpenny on the PREP Act & Injection Fraud https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Q6fm1-fwgM
Vaccines and their Ingredients
Hundreds of doctors and scientists have studied vaccines, their ingredients, and the physiological mechanisms affected by those ingredients. The following criteria, and the rationale for these criteria, are the results of their work. Vaccine industry spokespeople say vaccines are safe and effective. But are they? https://childrenshealthdefense.org/.../what-does-a-safe... |
Are the Top Five Coronavirus Vaccine Candidates Safe?
Due to Operation Warp Speed, public health is under unprecedented scrutiny to deliver a Covid-19 vaccine that is safe and effective. However, for more than 30 years, our public health agencies have ignored valid concerns and have failed to address repeated public complaints regarding vaccine safety. With significant public hesitancy about the vaccine’s safety, a larger discussion is warranted. https://childrenshealthdefense.org/.../are-the... |
Paragraph. ここをクリックして編集する.
Children’s Health Defense
https://childrenshealthdefense.org/about-us/sign-up/
https://childrenshealthdefense.org/about-us/sign-up/
Poverty
They think more about food, water, security and etc. on a daily basis Unawareness Some people are not aware that they live near a plate margin Soil Volcanoes can bring benefits such as fertile soil, rocks for buildings, rich mineral deposits and hot water. Time Doesn't happen very often Iceland: Hot water beneathh earth's crust provides heat and hot water for around 90% Iceland: Geothermal energy generates 25% of country's electricity (rest is from hydro electric power) Tourist Attraction dramatic natural landscape Construction for roads and buildings volcanic rocks Greenhouses and Swimming pools heated up by naturally occuring hot water Family They have always lived there Flu Vaccine Facts |
The Story of a Flu Virus
The invaders enter the body via the nostril, the hairs in the nose are the first line of defense Mucus, stopped the invader in the nose (at first) but If just one invader got into the body It would multiply, in a specific throat cell The winding nasal passages and the STOMACH ACIDS help to rid the body of the viruses Once inside, the virus force the cell to manufacture components of the virus From this single throat cell, ten thousand invaders are born Natural Killer cells are the front line troops of the immune system These cells spray a poison to destroy the pieces of viruses being hatched inside the cell which obliterated some of the body's throat cells. The warfare being carried on by the NK cells hurt the body as the individual (esp. CF patients) could choke on debris The left over debris is swept away by (1) macrophages (2) cilia Sore throat is the effect of the cells being destroyed in the throat The swollen glands are packed with T cells (causing swelling) is a sign the tide is turning Pain in an indicator for the body to slow down in order to conserve energy The immune cells are produced faster than normal Hair and nails will grow 20% faster Headache, is the result of blood vessel swelling due to temperature rising Lowering the fever would let the virus reproduce which is why painkillers AND ASPRIN are avoided Note: Symptoms Of Low Stomach Acid You Shouldn't Ignore |
Source:
Medicinal plants used against various inflammatory biomarkers for the management of rheumatoid arthritis S Singh, TG Singh, K Mahajan… - Journal of Pharmacy …, 2020 - Wiley Online Library https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/jphp.13326 |
The grand mal seizure Eastern Equine Encephalitis (EEE) Virus, West Nile Virus, Dead End Host
|
What are the symptoms for people who have it
Fertile illness fever also headache, body aches, joint pains, vomiting, diarrhea, or rash. Most people with this type of West Nile virus disease recover completely but fatigue or weakness can last for weeks and months. Serious symptoms Affect CNS such as brain inflammation (encephalitis) or meningitis. Symptoms include high fever, headache, neck stiffness, stupor, disorientation, coma, tremors, convulsions, muscle weakness, vision loss, numbness and paralysis. Can occur at any age What people are at risk Over 60 years of age are at greater risk. People with certain medical conditions such as cancer, diabetes, hypertension, kidney disease, and people who have receive organ transplants. |
- 1 out of 10 people with serious illness die
- 1/5 fraction of peoplle who are infected develop fever and other symptoms from WNV
- 1/150 fraction of people develop serious, sometimes fatal, illness.
- Incubation period for Eastern equine encephalitis virus disease is 4-10 days
- EEEV infection can result in Systemic or encephalitic
- A third percentage of all people with the disease EEE die within 2-10 days after onset of symptoms
- How long does the illness last: Abrupt onset with chills, fever, malaise, arthralgia, and myalgia. Illness lasts 1-2 weeks and recovery is complete when there is no central nervous system involvement.
- Encephalitic form - Also abrupt onset in older children and adults it is manifested after a few days of systemic illness. Signs include fever, headache, irratiblity, restlessness, drowsiness, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea, cyanosis, convulsions, and coma.
- How is it evaluated: CSF findings include neutrophil predominant pleocytosis and elevated evlavted protein levels. Also brain lesions are typical
- Where do the isolates come from? Brain tissue or CSF
- What test is available commercially and what should it be confirmed by: IgM confirmed by neutralizing antibody testing of acute- and convalescent-phase serum specimens at state public health laboratory or CDC.
- Transmission: cycle between Culiseta melanura mosquitoes and avian hosts in freshwater hardwood swamps.
- Which is the more important human vecotr - BIRDS. Another susceptible animal is Horses but not significant because it is the dead end host for the virus. Like humans.
- What is the leading cause of mosquito-borne disease in the US? West Nile Virus, during summer to fall
- When do mosquitoes become infected with WNV - When feeding on infected birds.
- Diagnosis
IgM antibodies testing serious or cerebrospinal fluid .. Immunoassays for WNV specific IgM are available commercially. Detectable 3to8 days after. Should be confirmed by neutralizing antibody testing of acute and convalescent phase serum specimens at a state public health laboratory or CDC. Plaque-reduction neutralization tests also performed in reference laboratories. - Other tests
RT-OCR on CSF and tissue specimens that are collected early in the course of illness and, if results are positive, can confirm an infection. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) can detect WNV antigen in formalin-fixed tissue.
“The Great Influenza” John M. Barry in conversation with David Rubenstein
John M. Barry, prizewinning historian of numerous disasters including the 1927 Mississippi flood and the devastating 1918 Spanish flu, discusses the history of the deadly 1918 pandemic and what it can teach us about the Coronavirus with David Rubenstein. |
|
There were Neurological Illnesses Associated with Influenza Vaccination
22:09
remember the swine flu scare of 1976 that was the year the u.s government told us all that swine flu could turn out to be a killer and washington decided that every man woman and child in the nation should get a shot to prevent a nationwide outbreak a pandemic. Well 46 million of us immediately took the shot. Did anyone ever come to you and say there's the possibility of Neurological Damage if you get into a mass immunization program. No no one ever did no I can't believe that they would say that they did not know that there were neurological illnesses associated with influenza vaccination, that simply is not true we did know that and he's lying. 60 Minutes: Swine Flu (1976) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4bOHYZhL0WQ |
LabCorp’s COVID-19 IgG Antibody Test is Available
About the Test
|
https://www.metatube.com/en/videos/458744/Modernas-coronavirus-vaccine-triggers-immune-response/
|
Dissertations & Theses Multiplex PCR for diagnosis of herpes viruses in neurological infections
Babair, Yasser H. S.The University of Manchester (United Kingdom)
Human Herpes VirusVaricella Zoster Virus
Cytomegalovirus (CM V)
Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) |
Results of study of live antiparotitic vaccine and perspectives for the elimination of mumps as a mass infection.
https://www.cabdirect.org/cabdirect/abstract/19682700190
The authors describe the results of field trials of a live attenuated mumps vaccine developed in the Pasteur Institute, Leningrad. The vaccine was prepared from the amniotic fluid from infected chick embryos, and was injected intradermally. The trials were carried out between 1956 and 1962 in Leningrad, Kiev and Pskov;
31,193 children were vaccinated, and 19,679 were observed as control ...[GS]
https://www.cabdirect.org/cabdirect/abstract/19682700190
The authors describe the results of field trials of a live attenuated mumps vaccine developed in the Pasteur Institute, Leningrad. The vaccine was prepared from the amniotic fluid from infected chick embryos, and was injected intradermally. The trials were carried out between 1956 and 1962 in Leningrad, Kiev and Pskov;
31,193 children were vaccinated, and 19,679 were observed as control ...[GS]
What are we really doing to children when we vaccinate them? Over the past fifty years, rates of autoimmunity and chronic disease have exploded: currently 1 in 2.5 American children has an allergy, 1 in 11 has asthma, 1 in 13 has severe food allergies, and 1 in 36 has autism. While some attribute this rise to increased awareness and diagnosis, Thomas Cowan, MD, argues for a direct causal relationship to a corresponding increase in the number of vaccines American children typically receive—approximately 70 vaccine doses by age eighteen. The goal of these vaccines is precisely what we’re now seeing in such abundance among our chronically ill children: the provocation of immune response. Listen to an audiobook sample;
https://www.chelseagreen.com/product/vaccines-autoimmunity-and-the-assault-on-childhood/ |
Treatment for: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) vs Arthritis
Video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q9Q53KWZFMU Causes of SARS
According to CDC SARS is caused by a coronavirus called SARS-CoV CoV or Coronaviridae is second most common cold Spread person to person by infected droplets, when the sick person cough and sneezes, the virus is released and infect those around the sick person Can lead to death! Symptoms and signs of SARS Typically begins with flu- like symptoms ( fever,chills,muscle,aches,headache, and occasionally diarrhea. After a week, signs and symptoms include: Fever of 100.5 F or (38 C ) or higher Dry cough Shortness of breath The incubation period is about 2-7 days but can be up to 14 days |
Treatment of SARS There is not specific medication that can treat SARS People with mild illness can remain at home and try to not spread the virus to other people Sicker people usually hospitalized and therapy focuses on supportive treatment including IV fluids, and oxygen and possible antibiotics (1),(2), to treat other infections. Convalescent antibody therapy (3) Hydroxychloroquine (4) Azithromycin The Z-Pak is a 5-day course of azithromycin (Zithromax), an antibiotic. It's used to treat certain bacterial infections, including some sinus infections and upper respiratory tract infections that lead to headaches, sore throat, congestion, and runny noses. Prevention of SARS Hand washing with soap and water Alcohol based hand sanitizer Avoid close contact with sick people Evade to touch eyes,nose and mouth to prevent spread Additional information of SARS Research on vaccines continues. Most people with SARS developed pneumonia Breathing problems can become severe and mechanical respirator is required. SARS is fatal in some cases, often by respiratory failure Other complications include heart and liver failure People older 60 years, specially with conditions such as diabetes or hepatitis are at highest risk of serious complications. A Blood type persons at risk as are smokers |
Diagnosis of SARS
The doctor will require lab tests if have symptoms consistent with possible SARS and close contact within 10 days with a person suspected of having the corona virus or travel within 10 days to an area with documented transmission of SARS. Laboratory tests can be done to detect the SARS virus including:
Blood test, Nasal swab, Stool or urine sample, Culture
The doctor will require lab tests if have symptoms consistent with possible SARS and close contact within 10 days with a person suspected of having the corona virus or travel within 10 days to an area with documented transmission of SARS. Laboratory tests can be done to detect the SARS virus including:
Blood test, Nasal swab, Stool or urine sample, Culture
NSAID therapy in SARS
(1) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indometacin (2) https://www.pharmacists.ca/cpha-ca/assets/File/cpha-on-the-issues/Use-of-NSAIDs-in-patients-with-COVID-19-FINAL-EN.pdf (3) Convalescent antibody therapy in SARS https://scholar.google.ca/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0,5&q=Convalescent+antibody+therapy+in+SARS (4) Hydroxychloroquine in SARS https://scholar.google.ca/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=hydroxychloroquine+in+SARS&btnG= (5) Azithromycin FOR treatment of SARS https://scholar.google.ca/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=+Azithromycin+FOR+treatment+of+SARS&btnG= |
hydroxychloroquine in rheumatoid arthritis
https://scholar.google.ca/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=hydroxychloroquine+in+rheumatoid+arthritis&oq=hydroxychloroquine Convalescent antibody therapy in rheumatoid arthritis https://scholar.google.ca/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=Convalescent+antibody+therapy+in++rheumatoid+arthritis&btnG= Azithromycin is a broad-spectrum macrolide antibiotic with a long half-life and a high degree of tissue penetration 3. ... It is primarily used for the treatment of respiratory, enteric and genitourinary infections and may be used instead of other macrolides for some sexually transmitted and enteric infections.Jun 13, 2005 Azithromycin - www.drugbank.ca Azithromycin for treatment of reactive arthritis, septic arthritis https://scholar.google.ca/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=+Azithromycin+FOR+treatment+of+arthritis&btnG= |
The growing knowledge about the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection is leading to the introduction of drugs commonly used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) even for the management of more complex cases of COVID-19. Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine have now been permanently included, alongside antiviral drugs, in protocols for the treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia [10]. In addition, the use of interleukin 6 (IL-6) blockers seems to be very promising for the management of the massive cytokine storm associated to the development of the typical lung damage and the consequent ARDS occurring in the most aggressive patterns of SARS-CoV infection [11].
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7102591/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7102591/
IL - Interleukins
IL6: along with TGFbeta, it'll activate TH17, pro-inflammatory cytokine Th17 cells, by virtue of their production of IL-17 and IL-17F, are generally thought to be pro-inflammatory and play an important role in host defense against infection, by recruiting neutrophils and macrophages to infected tissues. IL17: Main cytokine produced by TH17, stim fibroblasts, endo cells, and epi cells to produce IL1, IL6, TNFalpha, G-CSF and CXCL8 for inflammation, along with IL22 stim keratinocytes to produce AMPs, implicated in Autoimmune Diseases of chronic inflammation, stim myeloid and stromal cells to produce G-CSF for neutro production in BM, act stromal cell to make chemokines to attract neutros. |
Effective Treatment of Severe COVID-19 Patients with Tocilizumab
....Among them, GM-CSF and IL-6 are the key chinaXiv:202003.00026v1 3 cytokines leading to inflammatory storm which may result in increased alveolar-capillary blood-gas exchange dysfunction, especially impaired oxygen diffusion, and eventually lead to pulmonary fibrosis and organ failure... ...Tocilizumab can specifically bind sIL-6R and mIL-6R and inhibit signal transduction. It is currently used mainly for rheumatoid arthritis. ..Therefore, tocilizumab can effectively treat severe patients of COVID-19, which might be explained by the blocking of IL-6-associated febrile and inflammatory storm response. Source: Effective Treatment of Severe COVID-19 Patients with Tocilizumab https://www.ser.es/wp-content/…/2020/03/TCZ-and-COVID-19.pdf ....................................... Tocilizumab Interleukin (IL)-6 plays essential roles not only in the immune response, but also in haematopoiesis and the central nervous system. Unregulated production of IL-6 has been found in chronic inflammatory autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis (soJIA), Crohn's disease (CD), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and vasculitis. Furthermore, IL-6 activities can explain many symptoms of these diseases. More importantly, serum levels of IL-6 are correlated with disease activity. Tocilizumab binds specifically to both soluble and membrane-bound IL-6 receptors (sIL-6R and mIL-6R), and has been shown to inhibit IL-6-mediated signaling through these receptors. Important Information (https://www.drugs.com/mtm/tocilizumab.html) Tocilizumab affects your immune system. You may get infections more easily, even serious or fatal infections. Call your doctor if you have a fever, chills, aches, tiredness, cough, skin sores, diarrhea, weight loss, or burning when you urinate. Tocilizumab may also cause a perforation (a hole or tear) in your stomach or intestines. Tell your doctor if you have a fever and stomach pain with a change in your bowel habits. Tocilizumab may also cause liver problems. Tell your doctor right away if you have right-sided stomach pain, vomiting, loss of appetite, tiredness, dark urine, clay-colored stools, or yellowing of your skin or eyes. Read More on Tocilizumab: https://scholar.google.ca/scholar… |
Human T-cell Leukemia Virus (HTLV)-1 and -2
SLC2A1 gene ia a glucose transporter, they are proteins that enable your cells to take up sugar. (Susceptibility to Idiopathic Generalized Epilepsy 12)
Manel et al. (2003) showed that the receptor-binding domains of the human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV)-1 and -2 envelope glycoproteins inhibited glucose transport by interacting with GLUT1, the ubiquitous vertebrate glucose transporter. Read More
Receptor binding and HTLV envelope-driven infection were selectively inhibited when glucose transport or GLUT1 expression were blocked by cytochalasin B or siRNAs, respectively.
|
|
Antibody-dependent enhancement
Antibody-dependent enhancement occurs when non-neutralizing antiviral proteins facilitate virus entry into host cells, leading to increased infectivity in the cells. Some cells do not have the usual receptors on their surfaces that viruses use to gain entry.Wikipedia
Antibody-dependent enhancement occurs when non-neutralizing antiviral proteins facilitate virus entry into host cells, leading to increased infectivity in the cells. Some cells do not have the usual receptors on their surfaces that viruses use to gain entry.Wikipedia
Here’s a promising candidate herb that prevents malaria and tuberculosis
In the world of natural medicine, there are already powerful, well-known treatments against malaria that also happen to prevent tuberculosis, an aggressive infection of the respiratory tract. While nothing is yet proven to treat coronavirus, our review of herbal medicine studies and medicinal phytochemicals leads us to the conclusion that this Chinese Medicine herb may one day become known as the “natural cure” for coronavirus (although clinical trials are needed, obviously, to prove this). The chemical is called artemesinin, and the herb is known as sweet wormwood. Artemesinin is known for its ability to block the bacterial strain that causes tuberculosis, known as Mycobacterium tuberculosis. That doesn’t mean it prevents coronavirus, which is a viral infection, but it’s a strong candidate for a number of logical reasons. According to research published in the journal Phytomedicine, artemisinin / sweet wormwood has a “100% cure rate” for treating drug-resistant malaria, at least in a small trial involving 18 patients (all of whom were cured). Read More: That study was published in Phytomedicine, and the full study is available at this link on ScienceDirect.com. The title of the study is, “Artemisia annua dried leaf tablets treated malaria resistant to ACT and i.v. artesunate: Case reports.” There’s even more scientific evidence to back this up. Natural News covered another story about sweet wormwood herb in 2017, entitled, “Chinese medicine herb discovered to prevent tuberculosis infections.” The story cites a study published in Nature Chemical Biology in 2011. |
The Mycoplasmas V2: Human and Animal Mycoplasmas
edited by J TullyEdward (Nicol and Edward, 1953) https://books.google.ca/books?id=2ZdjivhBXz4C&pg=PA196&lpg=PA196&dq=Edward+(Nicol+and+Edward,+1953)&source=bl&ots=lCcOVgm7cF&sig=ACfU3U2fuRalXjIKhtF8QEia2ibqbImFAw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj-_deK7e3mAhVSSq0KHeU5DSwQ6AEwAXoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=Edward%20(Nicol%20and%20Edward%2C%201953)&f=false In 1898, Nocard and Roux were the first to isolate a mycoplasma species in culture from bovine; however, it was not until 1944 when Mycoplasma pneumoniae, known then as Eaton agent or Eaton's agent, was isolated and described from a patient with primary atypical pneumonia. Mycoplasma pneumoniae - Wikipedia 1. M. pneumoniae disease are impractical or impossible to resolve in the human host. https://rupress.org/jem/article/121/6/1071/3827/EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION-WITH-MYCOPLASMA-PNEUMONIAE 2. |
Chemicals Activities in the Artemesinin plant:
Abscess
Airwick Bactericide Bitter-Principle Carminative Dysentery Dyspepsia Eye Fever Fever . Jaundice Night-Sweat Scabies Skin Stomachic Stomachic Tuberculosis |
Abscess - China, Keys, J.D. 1976. Chinese Herbs. Charles E. Tuttle Co., Tokyo.
Airwick - China. Shih-chen, Li. 1973. Chinese medinal herbs. Georgetown Press, San Francisco. Bactericide - China, Keys, J.D. 1976. Chinese Herbs. Charles E. Tuttle Co., Tokyo. Bitter-Principle - Elsewhere, ANON. 1978. List of Plants. Kyoto Herbal Garden, Parmacognostic Research Lab., Central Research Division, Takeda Chem. Industries, Ltd., Ichijoji, Sakyoku, Kyoto, Japan. Carminative - China, Shih-chen, Li. 1973. Chinese medinal herbs. Georgetown Press, San Francisco. Dysentery - China, Keys, J.D. 1976. Chinese Herbs. Charles E. Tuttle Co., Tokyo. Dyspepsia - China, Shih-chen, Li. 1973. Chinese medinal herbs. Georgetown Press, San Francisco. Eye - China, Keys, J.D. 1976. Chinese Herbs. Charles E. Tuttle Co., Tokyo. Fever - China, Shih-chen, Li. 1973. Chinese medinal herbs. Georgetown Press, San Francisco. Fever - China, Keys, J.D. 1976. Chinese Herbs. Charles E. Tuttle Co., Tokyo. Jaundice - Elsewhere, Uphof, J.C. Th. 1968. Dictionary of economic plants. 2nd ed. Verlag von J. Cramer. Night-Sweat - China, Shih-chen, Li. 1973. Chinese medinal herbs. Georgetown Press, San Francisco. Scabies - China, Keys, J.D. 1976. Chinese Herbs. Charles E. Tuttle Co., Tokyo. Skin - Elsewhere, Uphof, J.C. Th. 1968. Dictionary of economic plants. 2nd ed. Verlag von J. Cramer. Stomachic - Indochina, Uphof, J.C. Th. 1968. Dictionary of economic plants. 2nd ed. Verlag von J. Cramer. Stomachic - Elsewhere, ANON. 1978. List of Plants. Kyoto Herbal Garden, Parmacognostic Research Lab., Central Research Division, Takeda Chem. Industries, Ltd., Ichijoji, Sakyoku, Kyoto, Japan. Tuberculosis - China, Shih-chen, Li. 1973. Chinese medinal herbs. Georgetown Press, San Francisco. |
Existing antivirals are effective against influenza viruses with genes from the 1918 pandemic virus
TM Tumpey, A García-Sastre, et al. Proceedings of the …, 2002 - National Acad Sciences The influenza pandemic of 1918–19 resulted in the deaths of many millions of people worldwide (1) and an estimated 550,000 excess deaths in the United States (2). This exceptionally high mortality rate lowered the average life expectancy in the U.S. by almost 10 years (1). The severity of the 1918 pandemic is unprecedented; by comparison, the influenza pandemics of 1957 and 1968 caused substantially less mortality, 70,000 and 34,000 deaths in the U.S., respectively. The 1918 pandemic was unusual also in that previously healthy adults suffered a disproportionately high rate of mortality (3, 4). Also of note, the 1918 influenza virus was reported to cause an unusually rapid destruction of respiratory epithelium (5). Cited by 157 Related articles All 15 versions 1. https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/99/21/13849.full.pdf |
Molecular characterization of H9N2 influenza viruses: were they the donors of the “internal” genes of H5N1 viruses in Hong Kong?
Y Guan, KF Shortridge, S Krauss, et al. Proceedings of the …, 1999 - National Acad Sciences Influenza viruses of the H9N2 subtype were isolated from the fecal samples of apparently healthy chickens, ducks, geese, quail, and pigeons in Hong Kong poultry markets during December 1997. Additional H9N2 viruses were isolated from floor cages and other items in the markets. The isolates were characterized, both antigenically and genetically, to establish interrelationships ... The similarity of the internal genes of Qa/HK/G1/97 virus to those of the H5N1 influenza viruses suggests that the quail virus may have been the internal gene donor … Cited by 849 Related articles All 13 versions 1. https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/96/16/9363.full.pdf |
How is CMV transmitted?
Orally, sexually, in blood and tissue, in utero, at birth, in breast milk. What is the prevalence of congenital CMV in the US? .5-1.5% |
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
CMV has the largest genome of the human herpes viruses.
Another name for CMV is Human herpes virus 5 (HHV5) For which patients is CMV most dangerous? Patients receiving solid-organ transplants, AIDS patients, and pregnant women. If a pregnant woman seroconverts during pregnancy, birth defects can occur. CMV is present in 92% of which type of tumor? Medullablastomas, the most common form of childhood brain tumor. A clinical trial in Sweden has shown that treating CMV can reduce tumor growth. CMV has also been implicated in brain tumors, breast cancer, colon cancer and prostate cancer. What does CMV cause? -Heterophile negative infectious mononucleosis (milder form of mono) -multiple organ infection in AIDS pts -organ transplant rejections |
Never an Outbreak by William Fharel - The Breakthrough Method That Stops the Herpes Virus
https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/19385090-never-an-outbreak
Interferon - Vital to Immunity
Common issues that can seriously compromise the immune system:
|
Natural ingredients derived from plants strengthens the immune system by increasing the production of the body's own interferon.
|
Interferons are a group of signaling proteins made and released by host cells in response to the presence of several viruses. In a typical scenario, a virus-infected cell will release interferons causing nearby cells to heighten their anti-viral defenses.Wikipedia
A synthesized form of interferon that when injected was an effective treatment for many diseases including cancer.
The antiviral activity of interferon (IFN), first described in 1957, was in a chick cell and inactivated influenza virus system [1] A. Isaacs and J. Lindenmann, “Virus interference. I. The interferon,” Proceedings of the Royal Society B, vol. 147, no. 5, pp. 258–267, 1957. |
Endogenous retroviruses in the human genome sequence: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC138943/
One of the many striking findings to come from the sequencing of the human genome is that some 45% of our DNA is composed of transposable elements such as LINE and Alu retroelements and DNA transposons [1,2,3].Around 8% of the genome is derived from sequences with similarity to infectious retroviruses, which can be easily recognized because all infectious retroviruses contain at least three genes, including gag (encoding structural proteins), pol (viral enzymes), and env (surface envelope proteins), as well as long terminal repeats (LTRs).1).
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC138943/ https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2018.02039/full |
The existence of human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) has been known for many years [4], but their abundance in the genome was not predicted by earlier studies. HERVs represent the remnants of ancestral retroviral infections that became fixed in the germline DNA.
|
Dormant viral genes may awaken to cause ALS - https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2015-09/nion-dvg092915.php |
Novel Tickborne Disease Spreads Across the World Dec 16, 2019 | Alyssa Loskill | Outbreak News
Babesisosis as previously understood, is most severe in individuals with immune suppression, resulting in malaria-like clinical presentation including the destruction of red blood cells, anemia, low platelet count, destruction of vital organs, and death [6]. The most concerning aspect of the reported spread of B. venatorum specifically is its ability to infect healthy individuals. A case series in China reported, of the individuals with B. venatorum, 66% had fever, 41% had headache and 29% had elevated bilirubin [2]. Due to the recent emergence and low reported cases, there is not extensive information regarding treatment for B. venatorum. Babesiosis overall is quite treatable if it is caught early on. However, due to the rare nature, cross-reactivity with other strains, and lack of knowledge of these types of diseases, timely identification and diagnosis is very difficult [1].
|
Babesia venatorum, also referred to as Babesia sp. EU1, is part of a larger group of about 100 protozoan parasites transmitted by Ixodes ricinus ticks. Of the 100 species, only about 5 cause disease in humans, known as babesiosis [2]. Since 2003, when the parasite was first given the name B. venatorum, reports have been increasing, with 49 human cases in China, 3 in Europe (Italy and Austria), and identification of the parasite in ticks in the Czech Republic [3,4]. These reports, though increasing, most likely do not reflect the actual geographic spread or disease burden. Currently, there is not enough testing on humans and ticks to identify the parasite, and tickborne diseases are often difficult and complex overall, both of which contribute to the under-reporting of this disease [5]. Read More: http://www.diseasedaily.org/diseasedaily/article/novel-tickborne-disease-spreads-across-world-121619
|
Is your chronic illness the result of a virus or retrovirus?
Chronic illness which maybe the result of a virus or retrovirus:
|
|
|
|
There’s a shocking link between these symptoms and human viruses that you may not be aware of. Viruses are known for targeting very specific cells throughout the body. And researchers now know that they could be the root cause of your chronic health struggles.
When infected by a virus, a host cell is forced to produce thousands of identical copies of the original virus at an extraordinary rate. In some cases, the genetic matter of a virus can lie dormant within a cell for years until it’s triggered again. They're dangerous microorganisms that enter the body in many different ways, and are responsible for causing a host of symptoms — some are very severe, even life-threatening. They suppress the immune system, reproduce (and change the genome) inside your cells, hide inside parasites, and make other infections worse. Since viruses and retroviruses can be incredibly dangerous, in an ideal world, you'd do your best to avoid them. However, the number of pathogens in our environment makes it very difficult to avoid them entirely, and many adults are infected with something they aren't aware of. Fortunately, the prevention, treatment, and reduction of symptoms can largely be linked to careful lifestyle choices. Guillain-Barré syndrome = Zika virus (ZIKV), through donated blood
Guillain–Barré syndrome is a rapid-onset muscle weakness caused by the immune system damaging the peripheral nervous system. The initial symptoms are typically changes in sensation or pain along with muscle weakness, beginning in the feet and hands. This often spreads to the arms and upper body, with both sides being involved. |
|
Epstein-Barr virus: exploiting the immune systemIn vitro, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) will infect any resting B cell, driving it out of the resting state to become an activated proliferating lymphoblast. Paradoxically, EBV persists in vivo in a quiescent state in resting memory B cells that circulate in the peripheral blood. How does the virus get there, and with such specificity for the memory compartment? An explanation comes from the idea that two genes encoded by the virus -- LMP1 and LMP2A — allow EBV to exploit the normal pathways of B-cell differentiation so that the EBV-infected B blast can become a resting memory cell.
Cited by 1016 Related articles All 9 versions
Cited by 1016 Related articles All 9 versions
Olive leaf extract was traditionally used throughout the Mediterranean and Middle Eastern regions to treat wounds and infections olive leaf extract is one of the best ways to destroy dangerous pathogenic microbes and improve our microorganism count this has been shown to be extremely effective in preventing colds, flu and improving immune health. The olive tree is a very symbolic tree that we can see written about throughout biblical history and Scripture.
Jerusalem from the Mount of Olives, 1870; Frederic Edwin Church, Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art; Enid and Crosby Kemper Foundation
In March 1869, he and his wife spent two weeks in Jerusalem. Like other Jerusalem visitors, Church was thrilled with the panoramic view of the Old City from the Mount of Olives. (1)
|
Combating viruses and bacterial Infections
The Mount of Olives or Mount Olivet (Hebrew: הַר הַזֵּיתִים, Har ha-Zeitim; Arabic: جبل الزيتون, الطور, Jabal al-Zaytun, Al-Tur) is a mountain ridge east of and adjacent to Jerusalem's Old City.[1] It is named for the olive groves that once covered its slopes. Source: Wikipedia |
Hawthorn berry is a cardiovascular tonic. It dilates the blood vessels, which helps the blood flow through the arteries and lowers high blood pressure. This beneficial herb for the person with blood type A helps the heart pump more efficiently and may help lower cholesterol levels.
Burdock root stimulates the immune system, which is beneficial for fighting the risks of auto immune disorders in people with blood type B. The herb purifies the blood, and restores liver and gallbladder functions.
Cayenne Pepper has analgesic activity and promotes proper blood circulation. It soothes the digestive tract and helps relieve ulcers making it a beneficial herb for the person with blood type O.
https://patents.google.com/patent/US6291533B1/en
Burdock root stimulates the immune system, which is beneficial for fighting the risks of auto immune disorders in people with blood type B. The herb purifies the blood, and restores liver and gallbladder functions.
Cayenne Pepper has analgesic activity and promotes proper blood circulation. It soothes the digestive tract and helps relieve ulcers making it a beneficial herb for the person with blood type O.
https://patents.google.com/patent/US6291533B1/en
Virus
|
Disease
|
Mode of transmission
|
Guillain-Barré syndrome, microcephaly
Guillain–Barré syndrome is a rapid-onset muscle weakness caused by the immune system damaging the peripheral nervous system. The initial symptoms are typically changes in sensation or pain along with muscle weakness, beginning in the feet and hands. This often spreads to the arms and upper body, with both sides being involved. |
Dengue virus (DENV)
|
There are four dengue viruses (DENV-1 to 4) |
mosquitoes, transmitted by blood transfusion and organ transplantation.
|
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV)
|
mosquitoes,
|
Human parvovirus B19 |
Respiratory, Human parvovirus B19 infect Red blood cell progenitors |
West Nile Virus
|
mosquitoes
|
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)
|
Multiple sclerosis and breast cancer, Burkitt’s lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma
is part of the herpes virus family. discovered in 1964, infects almost everyone at some point during their lives. The Epstein-Barr virus often causes no symptoms, but it can cause mononucleosis and has been implicated in the development of other conditions, including multiple sclerosis and breast cancer. When children are infected with EBV, the virus typically doesn’t cause any symptoms. When teens or young adults get Epstein-Barr virus, however, they often develop mononucleosis (“mono”), an infectious disease that can cause fever, sore throat, swollen lymph glands, and extreme fatigue. Although mononucleosis usually clears up in a month or two, EBV remains dormant in the body for the rest of the person’s life. Epstein-Barr virus has been shown to play a role in the development of Burkitt’s lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma, two rare cancers. In addition to cancers, Epstein-Barr has been implicated in autoimmune disorders. So, sometimes what happens when you get a virus, your immune system tries to fight off the virus and, hopefully, gets rid of it from your body. But sometimes the activity of your immune system can kind of cross react and start attacking parts of your body. That's why we call it autoimmune. It's your immune system attacking itself. And it's thought that Epstein Barr might be related or be one of the causes of things like lupus, which is an autoimmune disorder, rheumatoid arthritis, other things like MS or multiple sclerosis which is a neurologic disorder, inflammatory bowel, disease type 1 diabetes, thyroid disorders that are autoimmune in nature like Hashimoto's. So, a whole array of autoimmune disorders that can be related just to this viral infection that at first might not have caused much symptoms to you, whatsoever. And then there is one category where the virus actually does really wake up and cause what's known as like a long-term chronic infection. And this is rare, but it does happen. And blood tests that can help confirm if you have a reactivated Epstein-Barr... Epstein Barr virus infection that is actively causing chronic issues and inflammation. Epstein Barr virus (EBV) infection that is actively causing chronic issues and inflammation. "... and it's thought that Epstein Barr might be related or be one of the causes of things like: 1. lupus, which is an autoimmune disorder, 2. rheumatoid arthritis, other things like 3. MS or (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yiU0P-GGXR0) 4. multiple sclerosis which is a neurologic disorder, 5. inflammatory bowel, 6. disease type 1 diabetes, 7. thyroid disorders that are autoimmune in nature like Hashimoto's.... " Blood test to rule out EBV as the causative agent in your inflammation: Epstein-Barr Virus Full Ab Panel 1. https://www.healthcare.uiowa.edu/path_handbook/handbook/test2681.html 2. https://www.childrensmn.org/references/lab/serology/epstein-barr-virus-(ebv)-antibodies.pdf |
1. |
Reducing Threats to the Blood Supply from West Nile Virus, Dengue Virus, and Chikungunya Virus Through Development of Detection Tools and Studies of Genetic Evolution and Pathogenesis .
Principal Investigator: Maria Rios, PhD., Office / Division / Lab: OBRR / DETTD / LEP https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/biologics-research-projects/reducing-threats-blood-supply-west-nile-virus-dengue-virus-and-chikungunya-virus-through-development |
2.
|
Method for testing virus in blood
METHODS: We used an in-house TaqMan qRT-PCR assay to test residual samples of plasma, cellular components of whole blood (CCWB), serum and clot specimens from the same collection from blood donors who were DENV-RNA-reactive in a parallel blood safety study. To assess whether DENV RNA detected by TaqMan was associated with infectious virus, DENV infectivity in available samples was determined by culture in mosquito cells. |
viral
B19 Parvovirus B19 infection has been associated with a variety of rheumatic manifestations/diseases, mainly rheumatoid arthritis, vasculitis and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Read More: 1, 2, 3, viral-induced pathologic autoimmunity
VirusesThe Exploding Autoimmune Epidemic - Dr. Tent - It's Not Autoimmune, you have Viruses
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r8FCJ_VPyns
Reporting the onset of rheumatoid arthritis post vaccination against hepatitis B (key word search: Rheumatoid). (1)
Vaccination before the onset of RA: Adverse Reactions of the Tetanus Vaccine (1)
B19 Parvovirus B19 infection has been associated with a variety of rheumatic manifestations/diseases, mainly rheumatoid arthritis, vasculitis and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Read More: 1, 2, 3, viral-induced pathologic autoimmunity
VirusesThe Exploding Autoimmune Epidemic - Dr. Tent - It's Not Autoimmune, you have Viruses
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r8FCJ_VPyns
Reporting the onset of rheumatoid arthritis post vaccination against hepatitis B (key word search: Rheumatoid). (1)
Vaccination before the onset of RA: Adverse Reactions of the Tetanus Vaccine (1)
Adverse Events Associated with Childhood Vaccines: Evidence Bearing on Causality.
Since the beneficial effects of vaccines are a result of changes in the immune system, it would not be surprising if some of the adverse effects were also a classification of immunologic reactions that can cause disease has been proposed by Coombs and Gell (1968). Four reactions make up the classification:
type I, immediate hypersensitivity, the most serious clinical manifestation of which is anaphylaxis;
type II, reaction of antibody with tissue antigens;
type III, Arthus-type reaction, caused by deposition of antigen-antibody complexes in tissues, leading to the tissue-damaging effects of complement and leukocytes; and
type IV, delayed-type hypersensitivity, which is mediated largely by T lymphocytes and macrophages.
In clinical reactions to foreign antigens, these categories frequently overlap. These reactions are a by-product of the body's capacity to reject foreign invasion, particularly by microorganisms. If these reactions are responsible for causing adverse events to vaccines, then these reactions would be extensions of the beneficial responses to vaccines, which are mediated by protective immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies and T-lymphocyte responses.
vaccinations
vaccinations have the potential to shift the immune system towards an epigenetically altered proinflamatory phenotype and that's not good when the immune system gets stimulated too early problems come come on later
Serum sickness
Although Antibiotics are most common sources of serum sickness today, serum sickness can be induced with massive injections of foreign antigen. Circulating immune complexes infiltrate the blood vessel walls and tissues, causing an increased vascular permeability and leading to inflammatory processes such as vasculitis and arthritis. It was a complication of anti-serum prepared in animals to which some individuals produced antibodies to the foreign protein. It was also experienced in the treatment with antibiotics such as penicillin.[Owczarczyk-Saczonek A, et al., 2019]
Vaccine Injury Table
https://www.hrsa.gov/sites/default/files/vaccinecompensation/vaccineinjurytable.pdf
IV. Vaccines containing rubella virus (e.g.,MMR, MMRV)
-. Chronic arthritis
- 42 days (not less than 7 days and not more than 42 days)
https://www.hrsa.gov/sites/default/files/vaccinecompensation/vaccineinjurytable.pdf
(5)
Chronic arthritis.
Chronic arthritis is defined as persistent joint swelling with at least two additional manifestations of warmth, tenderness, pain with movement, or limited range of motion, lasting for at least 6 months.
(i) Chronic arthritis may be found in a person with no history in the 3 years prior to vaccination of arthropathy (joint disease) on the basis of:
(A) Medical documentation recorded within 30 days after the onset of objective signs of acute arthritis (joint swelling) that occurred between 7 and 42 days after a rubella vaccination; and
(B) Medical documentation (recorded within 3 years after the onset of acute arthritis) of the
persistence of objective
signs of intermittent or continuous arthritis for more than 6 months following vaccination; and
(C) Medical documentation of an antibody response to the rubella virus.
(ii) The following shall not be considered as chronic arthritis: Musculoskeletal disorders such as diffuse connective tissue diseases (including but not limited to rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, mixed connective tissue disease, polymyositis/determatomyositis, fibromyalgi a, necrotizing vasculitis and vasculopathies and Sjogren's Syndrome), degenerative joint disease, infectious agents other than rubella (whether by direct invasion or as an immune reaction), metabolic and endocrine diseases, trauma, neoplasms, neuropathic disorders, bone and cartilage disorders, and arthritis associated with ankylosing spondylitis, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease, Reiter's Syndrome, blood disorders, or arthralgia (joint pain), or joint stiffness without swelling
Vaccination before the onset of RA (TETANUS)
Vaccines: Microbial preparations of killed or modified microorganisms that can stimulate an immune response in the body to prevent future infection with similar microorganisms. These preparations are usually delivered by injection. Not all people respond favorably to Vaccines and may develop one or more of the following complications.
'Syndrome' is referred to a combination of symptoms and signs that together represent a disease process.
BODY SYSTEM AS A WHOLE
Adverse reactions may be local and include:
- redness, warmth, edema, induration with or without tenderness as well as urticaria (rash).
- Malaise, transient fever, pain, hypotension, nausea
- Arthralgia may develop in some patients after the injection. Arthralgia means 'pain in a joint' Arthritis is an inflammation of the joints. Though joint stiffness is a symptom of this, it is not the disease itself. Arthritis also causes pain, swelling, redness, and warmth.
- Arthus-type hypersensitivity reactions, characterized by severe local reactions (generally starting 2 to 8 hours after an injection) may occur, particularly in persons who have received multiple prior boosters.2
- On rare occasions, anaphylaxis has been reported following administration of products containing tetanus (tetanus toxoid) toxoid. Anaphylaxis (an-a-fi-LAK-sis) is a serious, life-threatening allergic reaction. The most common anaphylactic reactions are to foods, insect stings, medications and latex. If you are allergic to a substance, your immune system overreacts to this allergen by releasing chemicals that cause allergy symptoms. Upon review, a report by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) concluded the evidence established a causal relationship between tetanus toxoid (tetanus (tetanus toxoid) toxoid) and anaphylaxis.
- Deaths have been reported in temporal association with the administration of tetanus toxoid (tetanus (tetanus toxoid) toxoid) -containing vaccines.
The following neurologic illnesses have been reported as temporally (pertaining to time, limited in time, temporary, or transient.) associated with vaccines containing tetanus toxoid (tetanus (tetanus toxoid) toxoid). Neurological complications, having to do with the nerves or the nervous system, should be followed up via a neurological exam.
- cochlear lesion - pertaining to the cochlea, the organ of hearing. An area of abnormal tissue change. Lesions vary in severity from harmless to serious.
- brachial plexus neuropathie - a bundle of nerves that begins in the back of the base of the neck and extends through the armpit. It is formed by the union of portions of the fifth through eighth cervical spinal nerves and the first thoracic spinal nerve. Damage to the brachial plexus can affect nerves responsible for muscle function and sensation of the arm and chest.
3. Paralysis of the radial nerve - Loss of voluntary movement (motor function). Paralysis that affects only one muscle or limb is partial paralysis, also known as palsy; paralysis of all muscles is total paralysis, as may occur in cases of botulism. (https://www.rxlist.com/botulism/article.htm#what_is_botulism)
The radial nerve runs down the underside of your arm and controls movement of the triceps muscle, which is located at the back of the upper arm. The radial nerve is responsible for extending the wrist and fingers. It also controls sensation in part of the hand.
4. Paralysis of the recurrent nerve - laryngeal nerve palsy usually refers to the palsy of the recurrent laryngeal
nerve. (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XwT4A_nl00E) People can develop hoarseness of the voice.
5. Accommodation paresis - is a rare condition in which the accommodative system fails to respond to any stimulus. It can be caused by the use of cycloplegic drugs, or by trauma, ocular or systemic disease, toxicity, or poisoning. Paresis relate to incomplete paralysis or slight paralysis.(http://www.neuroophthalmology.ca/…/v-abducens-vi-nerve-palsy)
6. Electroencephalogram (EEG) disturbances - EEG examination is necessary after children with convulsive disorders are immunized (Nouno S., et al., 1990) espically those who have Encephalopathy which is a term that means brain disease, damage, or malfunction. Encephalopathy can present a very broad spectrum of symptoms that range from mild, such as some memory loss or subtle personality changes, to severe, such as dementia, seizures, coma, or death.
7. Guillain-Barré syndrome is a rare but serious autoimmune disorder in which the immune system attacks healthy nerve cells in your peripheral nervous system (PNS). This leads to weakness, numbness, and tingling, and can eventually cause paralysis.
8. Brachial neuritis: Inflammation of nerves in the arm causing muscle weakness and pain.
The IOM, following review of the reports of neurologic events following vaccination with tetanus toxoid (tetanus (tetanus toxoid) toxoid) , DT or Td, concluded the evidence favored acceptance of a causal relationship between tetanus toxoid (tetanus (tetanus toxoid) toxoid) and brachial neuritis and GBS.
Read Full Source:
TETANUS
Generic Name: tetanus toxoid
Brand Name: Tetanus
Last reviewed on RxList: 12/25/2016
https://www.rxlist.com/tetanus-side-effects-drug-center.htm…
Alphaviruses | IDPH
Alphaviruses as weapons: Because they are stable during storage and can be made in large amounts, alphaviruses are considered to be easily weaponized. The viruses can be aerosolized and dispersed into the air.http://www.dph.illinois.gov/topics-services/emergency-preparedness-response/public-health-care-system-preparedness/alphaviruses Alphaviruses (Togaviridae) and Flaviviruses (Flaviviridae) - Medical ... The neurotropic alphaviruses and flaviviruses can produce severe destructive central nervous system disease with serious sequelae. Several alphaviruses (chikungunya, Mayaro, and Ross River) cause painful arthritis that persists for weeks or months after the initial febrile illness.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7633/Alphaviruses | definition of alphaviruses by Medical dictionaryalphaviruses A group of 26 viruses transmitted by mosquitoes, eight of which can cause illness, sometimes serious. Alphavirus infections feature fever, muscle and joint pain, a rash and sometimes ENCEPHALITIS.https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/alphaviruses Alphaviruses (Togaviridae) and Flaviviruses (Flaviviridae) - Medical ...The neurotropic alphaviruses and flaviviruses can produce severe destructive central nervous system disease with serious sequelae. Several alphaviruses (chikungunya, Mayaro, and Ross River) cause painful arthritis that persists for weeks or months after the initial febrile illness.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7633/Alphaviruses - Idph Outbreaks of alphaviruses usually occur in the summer. A person can come into contact with an alphavirus by being bit by a mosquito. Alphaviruses as weapons: Because they are stable during storage and can be made in large amounts, alphaviruses are considered to be easily weaponized. The viruses can be aerosolized and dispersed into the air.www.idph.state.il.us/Bioterrorism/factsheets/alphaviruses.ht Alphaviruses: Current Biology | BookAlphaviruses are a group of medically important viruses spread by arthropods. Recent years has witnessed an increase in their geographic range and the number of infections. Following inoculation by infected arthropods, alphaviruses rapidly replicate in peripheral tissues, giving rise to a high titre plasma viremia.https://www.caister.com/alpha Togaviruses, Alphavirus, Alphaviruses, TogavirusTogaviridae of Arthropod-Borne Viruses Infection . Alphaviruses . The Togaviridae comprises of 4 genera: Alphavirus, Rubivirus, Pestivirus, and Arterivirus. The only member of the rubivirus genus is rubella.www.virology-online.com/viruses/Arboviruses2.htm ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Discover the world’s most amazing collection of vaccine truth videos on this channel at Brighteon.com
There’s a vaccine video channel we’ve discovered on Brighteon.com that features 156 videos showcasing powerful interviews, presentations and talks on the dangers of vaccines. The channel is called “Vaccines and Vaccination” and you can find it at this link on Brighteon.com.https://www.brighteon.com/channel/evanesenceofgood -------------------------------------------------------
A small literature is coming out now reporting neuropsychological testing on men who are Toxo-infected, showing that they get a little bit impulsive. Women less so, and this may have some parallels perhaps with this whole testosterone aspect of the story that we're seeing. And then the truly astonishing thing: two different groups independently have reported that people who are Toxo-infected have three to four times the likelihood of being killed in car accidents involving reckless speeding.
With regard to parasite infections like Toxo in humans, there is a big prevalence in certain parts of the world. There's a higher prevalence in the tropics, where typically more than 50 percent of people are infected. Lower rates in more temperate zones for reasons that I do not understand and do not choose to speculate on. France has really high rates of Toxo infection. In much of the developing world, it's bare feet, absorbing it through soil, where cats may have been. It's food that may not have been washed sufficiently and absorption through hands. It's the usual story that people in the developing world are more subject to all sorts of infectious stuff.
There's a long-standing literature that absolutely shows there's a statistical link between Toxo infection and schizophrenia. It's not a big link, but it's solidly there. Schizophrenics have higher than expected rates of having been infected with Toxo, and not particularly the case for other related parasites. Links between schizophrenia and mothers who had house cats during pregnancy. There's a whole literature on that. So where does this fit in?
Toxoplasmosis is an infection caused by a single-celled protozoan parasite called Toxoplasma gondii, which usually affects warm-blooded animals, including humans. The infection is most commonly acquired from contact with cats and their feces or with raw or undercooked meat.
Have you eaten mussels recently?
. How to spread hepatitis around the world without leaving your house https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VGJLKhsLx18 You only have to eat one oyster that's contaminated with the smallest amount of sewage containing the norovirus and then you become the epicenter for another outbreak that spreads person to person. |
Animal Viruses Prions: Current Progress in Advanced Research (Second Edition)
Edited by: Akikazu Sakudo and Takashi Onodera Animal Viruses The study of animal viruses is important from a veterinary viewpoint and many of these viruses causes diseases that are economically devastating. Many animal viruses are also important from a human medical perspective. The emergence of the SARS virus in the human population, coming from an animal source, highlights the importance of animals in harbouring infectious agents; avian influenza viruses can directly infect humans. In addition research into animal viruses has made an important contribution to our understanding of viruses in general, their replication, molecular biology, evolution and interaction with the host. Alphaviruses Alphaviruses comprise a group of small, enveloped single-stranded positive-sense RNA viruses. They are usually transmitted by arthropod vectors (usually mosquitoes). Of the thirty known species, eight are important human pathogens (e.g. Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus) whilst one, salmonid alphavirus, is of economic importance to the farmed fish industry. Due to their small size alphaviruses have historically been utilised as model systems for the analysis of viral pathogenesis. Understanding alphavirus molecular biology, pathogenesis and host interactions are key areas of research that have applications not only in disease prevention but also in permitting the exploitation of certain alphaviruses, e.g. Semliki Forest virus, as efficient gene therapy and/or vaccine delivery vehicles. Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is the prototypic member of the Aphthovirus genus in the Picornaviridae family. This picornavirus is the etiological agent of an acute systemic vesicular disease that affects cattle worldwide. FMDV is a highly variable and transmissible virus. Soon after infection, the single stranded positive RNA that constitutes the viral genome is efficiently translated using a cap-independent mechanism driven by the internal ribosome entry site element (IRES). This process occurs concomitantly with the inhibition of cellular protein synthesis, caused by the expression of viral proteases. Processing of the viral polyprotein is achieved cotranslationally by viral encoded proteases, giving rise to the different mature viral proteins. Viral RNA as well as viral proteins interact with different components of the host cell, acting as key determinants of viral pathogenesis. In depth knowledge of the molecular basis of the viral cycle is needed to control viral pathogenesis and disease spreading. Pestiviruses Pestiviruses account for important diseases in animals such as Classical swine fever (CSF) and Bovine viral diarrhea / Mucosal disease (BVD/MD). According to the current O.I.E. list CSF and BVD/MD are notifiable diseases and eradication programms are administered in many countries worldwide. The molecular biology of pestiviruses shares many similarities and peculiarities with the human hepaciviruses. Genome organisation and translation strategy are highly similar for the members of both genera. One hallmark of pestiviruses is their unique strategy to establish persistent infection during pregnancy. Persistent infection with pestiviruses often goes unnoticed; for BVDV frequently nonhomologous RNA recombination events lead to the appearance of genetically distinct viruses that are lethal to the host. Arteriviruses In 1996, the family Arteriviridae was included within the order Nidovirales. Arteriviruses are small, enveloped, animal viruses with an icosahedral core containing a positive-sense RNA genome. The family includes equine arteritis virus (EAV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), lactate dehydrogenaseelevating virus (LDV) of mice and simian hemorrhagic fever virus (SHFV). Three of these viruses were first discovered and characterized a in 1964 (EAV-1953, LDV-1960 and SHFV), whereas PRRSV was first isolated in Europe and in North America in the early 1990s. The arteriviruses are highly species specific, but share many biological and molecular properties, including virion morphology, a unique set of structural proteins, genome organization and replication strategy, and the ability to establish prolonged or true persistent infection in their natural hosts. However, the epidemiology and pathogenesis of the infection caused by each virus is distinct, as are the diseases they cause. Coronaviruses Coronavirus (CoV) genome replication takes place in the cytoplasm in a membrane-protected microenvironment, and starts with the translation of the genome to produce the viral replicase. CoV transcription involves a discontinuous RNA synthesis (template switch) during the extension of a negative copy of the subgenomic mRNAs. The requirement for basepairing during transcription has been formally demonstrated in arteriviruses and CoVs. CoV N protein is required for coronavirus RNA synthesis, and has RNA chaperone activity that may be involved in template switch. Both viral and cellular proteins are required for replication and transcription. CoVs initiate translation by cap-dependent and capindependent mechanisms. Cell macromolecular synthesis may be controlled after CoV infection by locating some virus proteins in the host cell nucleus. Infection by different coronaviruses cause in the host alteration in the transcription and translation patterns, in the cell cycle, the cytoskeleton, apoptosis and coagulation pathways, inflammation, and immune and stress responses. The balance between genes up- and down-regulated could explain the pathogenesis caused by these viruses. Coronavirus expression systems based on single genome constructed by targeted recombination, or by using infectious cDNAs, have been developed. The possibility of expressing different genes under the control of transcription regulating sequences (TRSs) with programmable strength, and engineering tissue and species tropism indicates that CoV vectors are flexible. CoV based vectors have emerged with high potential for vaccine development and, possibly, for gene therapy. Paramyxoviruses Paramyxoviruses are a diverse family of non-segmented negative strand RNA viruses that include many highly pathogenic viruses affecting humans, animals, and birds. In recent years the advent of reverse genetics has led to a greater understanding of the genomics, molecular biology and viral pathogenesis. Paramyxoviruses cause a range of diseases in animal species: canine distemper virus, phocine distemper virus, cetacean morbillivirus, Newcastle disease virus, and rinderpest virus. Some paramyxoviruses such as the henipaviruses are zoonotic pathogens, occurring naturally in an animal host, but also able to infect humans. Hendra and Nipah Virus Over the past decade, the previously unknown paramyxoviruses Hendra virus (HeV) and Nipah virus (NiV) have emerged in humans and livestock in Australia and Southeast Asia. Both viruses are contagious, highly virulent, and capable of infecting a number of mammalian species and causing potentially fatal disease. Due to the lack of a licensed vaccine or antiviral therapies, HeV and NiV are designated as biosafety level (BSL) 4 agents. The genomic structure of both viruses is that of a typical paramyxovirus. However, due to limited sequence homology and little immunological cross-reactivity with other paramyxoviruses, HeV and NiV have been classified into a new genus within the family Paramyxoviridae named Henipavirus. Avian Influenza domestic poultry or give rise to human influenza pandemics. Bluetongue Virus Bluetongue virus (BTV), a member of Orbivirus genus within the Reoviridae family causes serious disease in livestock (sheep, goat, cattle). Partly due to this BTV has been in the forefront of molecular studies for last three decades and now represents one of the best understood viruses at the molecular and structural levels. BTV, like the other members of the family is a complex non-enveloped virus with seven structural proteins and a RNA genome consisting of 10 double-stranded (ds) RNA segments of different sizes. It has been possible to determine the complex nature of the virion through 3D structure reconstructions (diameter ~ 800 Å); the atomic structure of proteins and the internal capsid (~ 700 Å, the first large highly complex structure ever solved); the definition of the virus encoded enzymes required for RNA replication; the ordered assembly of the capsid shell and the protein sequestration required for it; and the role of host proteins in virus entry and virus release. These areas are important for BTV replication but they also indicate the pathways that may be used by related viruses, which include viruses that are pathogenic to man and animals, thus providing the basis for developing strategies for intervention or prevention. Porcine Circoviruses Porcine Circoviruses (PCV) are the smallest viruses replicating autonomously in eukaryotic cells. The virions are non-enveloped and spherical with a diameter of 16-18 nm and the covalently closed and single-stranded DNA genomes comprise less than 1800 nucleotides. The genomes encode only two major open reading frames. The gene products Rep, Rep' and Cap are involved in viral replication, regulation of transcription and capsid formation. Due to their highly limited coding capacity, circoviruses are supposed to rely principally on the host's machinery for synthesis of macromolecules. Two types of PCV are known, which differ with respect to their pathogenicity. Porcine circovirus type 1 (PCV1) is not linked with a disease, while porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is the etiological agent of Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome (PMWS), a new emerging and multifactorial disease in swine. PCV1 and PCV2 show a high degree of sequence homology and a similar genomic organisation; nevertheless, the basis of the distinct pathogenicity has not yet been unravelled. Herpesviruses Herpesviruses are highly successful pathogens infecting animals and man. Although there is a wide variety of different herpesviruses with different biological characteristics, they have in common basic properties such as morphology of the virion, highly regulated transcription and establishment of latency. In animal virology the most important herpesviruses belong to the Alphaherpesvirinae. Research on pseudorabies virus, the causative agent of Aujeszky's disease in pigs, has pioneered animal disease control with genetically modified vaccines. PrV is now extensively studied as a model for basic processes during lytic herpesvirus infection, and for unravelling molecular mechanisms of herpesvirus neurotropism, whereas bovine herpesvirus 1, the causative agent of bovine infectious rhinotracheitis and pustular vulvovaginitis, is analyzed to elucidate molecular mechanisms of latency. The avian infectious laryngotracheitis virus is phylogenetically distant from these two viruses and serves to underline similarity and diversity within the Alphaherpesvirinae. African Swine Fever Virus African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a large double-stranded DNA virus which replicates in the cytoplasm of infected cells and is the only member of the Asfarviridae family. In common with other viral haemorrhagic fevers, the main target cells for replication are those of monocyte, macrophage lineage. The virus causes a haemorrhagic fever with high mortality rates in pigs, but persistently infects its natural hosts, warthogs, bushpigs and soft ticks of the Ornithodoros species with no disease signs. The virus encodes enzymes required for replication and transcription of the genome, including elements of a base excision repair system, structural proteins and many proteins that are not essential for replication in cells but have roles in virus survival and transmission in its hosts. Virus replication takes place in perinuclear factory areas. Assembly of the icosahedral capsid occurs on modified membranes from the endoplasmic reticulum. Products from proteolytically processed polyproteins form the core shell between the internal membrane and the nucleoprotein core. An additional outer membrane is gained as particles bud from the plasma membrane. The virus encodes proteins that inhibit signalling pathways in infected macrophages and thus modulate transcriptional activation of immune response genes. In addition the virus encodes proteins which inhibit apoptosis of infected cells to facilitate production of progeny virions. Viral membrane proteins with similarity to cellular adhesion proteins modulate interaction of virus-infected cells and extracellular virions with host components. Further reading
|
Vaccination of Polio and the History of Smallpox
|
e basis for vaccination began in 1796 when an English doctor named Edward Jenner observed that milkmaids who had gotten cowpox did not show any symptoms of smallpox after variolation.
History of Smallpox | Smallpox | CDC https://www.cdc.gov/smallpox/history/history.html
|
the use of melatonin for the treatment of Ebola virus infection is encouraged
The 7-step Recipe For Creating Vaccine Demand
The Center For Disease Control has become the Marketing arm of "Global Heath's" vaccine mania. What person is the main Vaccine Maniac? Bill Gates. RFK Jr seems to agree. Lots of info in this video.
The Center For Disease Control has become the Marketing arm of "Global Heath's" vaccine mania. What person is the main Vaccine Maniac? Bill Gates. RFK Jr seems to agree. Lots of info in this video.
Dengue vaccine fiasco leads to criminal charges for researcher in the Philippines
By Fatima ArkinApr. 24, 2019 , 3:55 PM
Dengue vaccine fiasco leads to criminal charges for researcher in the Philippines https://www.sciencemag.org/.../dengue-vaccine-fiasco...
Epidemiology of fever following travel
1/3 report illness following travel i.e. fever very common Reasons travellers can be at higher risk from infection (1) disequilibrium (at home, state of equilibrium with the locally occurring strains of microorganisms and with the altitude and climatic conditions of the region) (2) "darn it"--low awareness of traveller's health issues. (no pre-departure medical consultation/ vaccine protection or chemoprophylaxis; compliance to pre-travel advice not always good) https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2019/04/dengue-vaccine-fiasco-leads-criminal-charges-researcher-philippines?fbclid=IwAR3dJdEiFWLUf-WWFG0lxH5PyG8-lcTWIvinP4NWkVwg1fYGpKm865zaxtE |
Commonest causes of fever in returning traveller (GeoSentinel data)
• Malaria (21%) • Dengue fever (6%) • Mononucleosis (due to EBV or CMV) • Rickettsial infection • Typhoid or paratyphoid fever (enteric fever) 2 most common presentations WITH fever in returning traveller (GeoSentinel data) ttps://academic.oup.com/cid/article/44/12/1560/278908 |
|
Extinct by the year 2035 due to a transmissible cancer virus
Since the early 2000s their population is decreasing due to a transmissible cancer termed devil facial tumour disease (DFTD).
Experts predict that unless there is some successful intervention, they will be extinct by the year 2035. Source: The curious case of transmissible cancer in Tasmanian devils https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HJYDw_09coE |
Video:
Last of the Tasmanian devils? Infectious cancer to blame https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g31Ky8_mqHk&feature=emb_logo Further Reading: If the current research and trials of immunotherapy and/or vaccination are unable to come with a solid strategy for protecting Tasmanian devils, use of stem cell technology could be the only hope for the survival of these animals. Source: A stem cell-based approach to the treatment of devil facial tumour disease (DFTD) in the Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii) Muhandiram Mudiyanselage Udaya Prasanna Weeratunga BSc, MSc A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at The University of Queensland in 2019 School of Veterinary Science |
Newcastle Disease (ND)
Dennis A. Senne ([email protected]) https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/6de2/4cc1d2dcc71adcbd5881871769998665306e.pdf Newcastle disease is a contagious viral bird disease affecting many domestic and wild avian species; it is transmissible to humans. It was first identified in Java, Indonesia, in 1926, and in 1927, in Newcastle-upon-Tyne, England. However, it may have been prevalent as early as 1898, when a disease wiped out all the domestic fowl in northwest Scotland.Wikipedia |
Newcastle Disease (ND) in humans?
Humans who come in contact with ND for the first time, may develop a temporary conjunctivitis. What virus causes ND? Paramyxovirus type 1 How is ND spread? - Excretions (aerosols and feces) can contaminate feed, water, footwear, clothing, tools, equipment, and the environment - Spread through inhalation or ingestion - Infected poultry may spread the virus if their tissues without proper processing in rendered products DETECTION OF GROUP A ROTAVIRUSES BY RT-PCR Removal of inhibitory substances from human fecal specimens for detection of group A rotaviruses by reverse transcriptase and polymerase chain reactions.J Wilde, J Eiden, R Yolken - Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 1990 - Am Soc Microbiol
|
Where is ND a Problem?
Worldwide. Flock mortality rates up to 100%. Economic impact, trading restrictions and embargoes placed on areas where outbreaks have occurred. Who gets infected with ND? Domestic poultry and other bird species with virulent NDV What is the primary presentation of ND? Primarily Acute respiratory disease Can be depression, nervous manifestations, or diarrhea What determines severity of ND?
|
Research Journal of Zoology is a scholarly peer-reviewed, academic journal that publishes original research articles undergoing peer review process with the help of experts in the field of zoology.
Research Journal of Zoology (RJZ) is an Open Access journal focusing on zoology as one subject providing an immense platform to publish original research articles, review articles, case reports, mini review, short communication, etc.
Due to advances in life sciences, zoology is being compromised by one or more sub-disciplinaries. However the recent development in the research on genetics and evolution has led to restoration of zoological sciences promoting a rigorous research in various fields of zoology enclosing the distinct aspects of animal life from gene to the ecosystem.
The journal publishes papers with integrative and preliminary approach to descriptive zoology, animal physiology and behavior ecology, developmental and functional evolution, cell biology, etc.
Manuscript can be submitted via Online Submission or send as an e-mail attachment to the Editorial Office at [email protected] or [email protected]
The journal scope covers these major topics but is not restricted to:
• Zoography
• Comparative Anatomy
• Animal Physiology
• Behavioral Ecology
• Ethology or Animal Behavior
• Invertebrate Zoology
• Vertebrate Zoology
• Animal Genetics and Cytogenetics
• Developmental Biology
• Molecular Cell Biology
• Soil Zoology
• Paleozoology
Manuscripts are evaluated by experts who are members of our Editorial Board Approved by at least two independent review comments to maintain the high quality processing of manuscripts. The articles published in the journal follow the peer-reviewed process to maintain the standards of publications and Foster the readers and society as well.
Animal Science
Animal Science is worried about the science and business of delivering local domesticated animals species, including yet not restricted to meat cows, dairy cows, stallions, poultry, sheep, and swine. A creature researcher applies standards of the organic, physical, and sociologies to the issues related with domesticated animals generation and administration. Animal Science is additionally worried about nourishments of creature inception: meat, dairy sustenances, and eggs. The nourishment business is one of the biggest and most vital ventures in the United States. Furthermore, creature science is worried about parts of sidekick creatures, including their nourishment, care, and welfare.
Journals related to Animal Science
Journal of Animal Ecology, Annual Review of Animal Biosciences, Mammal Review, Journal of Experimental Biology, Animal Behaviour, Integrative and Comparative Biology, Frontiers in Zoology.
Zoological Science
Zoological Science concerns with different properties, vital fact of animals, animal behavior and their life. Generally it is the study of animals and their day to day routine from genetic level to ecosystem or animal kingdom which covers their structure, habits, classification and their interaction with the ecosystem.
Journals related to Zoological Science
Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, Canadian Journal of Zoology, Frontiers in Zoology, Zoological Science, African Zoology, Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies
Marine Science
Marine life science is the investigation of creatures that live in the seas or other marine water bodies. In this unique situation, the word marine is exchangeable with saltwater. Along these lines, a sea life researcher thinks about living things that live in saltwater situations. A few cases of marine situations may incorporate wetlands or estuaries. This is as opposed to freshwater science, which is the investigation of creatures in freshwater, similar to lakes and waterways.
Journals related to Marine Science
Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, Marine Biology, Advances in Marine Biology, Oceanography and Marine Biology: an annual review, Marine Biology Research, Russian Journal of Marine Biology, Molecular Marine Biology and Biotechnology.
Animal Physiology
Animal physiology explores the internal physical and chemical functions of animals belonging to different genus and species. It the part of science which studies the basic functioning of living organisms or any of its parts or processes. Animal Physiology is important as it provide factors that give animals a better quality of life.
Journals related to Animal Physiology
Animal Biology, Journal of Natural History, The Belgian Journal of Zoology, New Zealand Journal of Zoology, Zoological journal, Herpetological Monographs
Animal Habitat
In biology, a living space is the sort of regular habitat in which a specific types of living being lives. It is described by both physical and natural highlights. An animal types' territory is those spots where it can discover nourishment, asylum, insurance and mates for generation.
Journals related to Animal Habitat
Animal Biology, Journal of Natural History, The Belgian Journal of Zoology, New Zealand Journal of Zoology, Zoological journal, Herpetological Monographs
Animal Behavior
Animal Behavior is the interaction of animals with nature, living beings and with each other. It is the relation between the animal and its surroundings and their relation with physical surroundings such as food, prey, predators, their mates and young ones. The active response done by the animal due to any change in the surroundings in the animal behavior.
Journals related to Animal Behavior
CIB Tech Journal of Zoology, International Journal of Zoology Research, Turkish Journal of Zoology, European Journal of Zoological Research, Netherlands Journal of Zoology, International Journal of Zoology Studies
Animal Diversity
Evolution of animals began almost 600 million years ago in the ocean since they have evolved to a wide range and diverse kingdom. Although hundreds of species of animals have been extinct today, still scientists and researchers discover new species around the world during their research in different ecosystems. The number of currently living species around the world is around 20 to 30 million.
Journals related to Animal Diversity
International Journal of Research Studies in Zoology, Scientific Journal of Zoology, Physiological and Biochemical Zoology, Current Zoology, Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B: Molecular and Developmental Evolution.
Zoography
Zoography is the study of animal description depending on their different habitats and forms around the world. Descriptive zoology or zoography describes or sort the animal kingdom according to their habitat and living structure.
Journals related to Zoography
Zoological Studies, Pakistan Journal of Zoology, Italian Journal of Zoology, Contributions to Zoology, Journal of Animal Ecology, Annual Review of Animal Biosciences
Animal genetics
Animal genetics is the study of genes which were responsible for changes in heredity and variation in species of domestic and wild animals around the world. Study of animal genetics is new and useful field due to their resistance capability against many infections, fungal diseases namely tuberculosis, mastitis, foot and mouth diseases and various other diseases.
Journals related to Animal genetics
Applied Entomology and Zoology, Integrative Zoology, Zoology, Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A: Ecological Genetics and Physiology, Zoological Studies
Cytogenetics
In animal reproducing, cytogenetic technique is connected to test suspicions of hypothesis. New wellsprings of hereditary variety might be chromosome modifications, duplications, aneuploidy, and euploidy. At the point when connected to cells in culture and joined with present day strategies for sub-atomic science, cytogenetic system can help find new loci, dole out qualities to particular chromosomes, and make hereditarily altered cell lines which can be brought into the germ line of creature populaces.
Journals related to Cytogenetics
Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, Canadian Journal of Zoology, Frontiers in Zoology, Zoological Science, African Zoology, Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies
Animal Husbandry
Animal farming is the branch of agribusiness worried about creatures that are raised for meat, fiber, drain, eggs, or different items. It incorporates everyday care, particular reproducing and the raising of domesticated animals.
Journals related to Animal Husbandry
European Journal of Soil Biology, Applied Soil Ecology, The Journal of Zoology Studies, Korean Journal of Soil Zoology, New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, The Enigma of Soil Animal Species Diversity Revisited
Invertebrate Zoology
Invertebrate Zoology is the study of invertebrates, animals without the backbone. Invertebrates consist of around 97 percent of total species around the world. Invertebrates are a diverse group of animal kingdom containing arthropods, different phyla of worms, echinoderms and various others sub classification contains anthropology, cnidariology, helminthology, malacology and invertebrate paleontology.
Journals related to Invertebrate Zoology
Invertebrate Zoology, Invertebrate Biology, Zoology Journal, Invertebrate Zoology, Mammal Review, Animal Behavior, Research & Reviews: Journal of Zoological Sciences
Vertebrate Zoology
Vertebrate zoology is the study of vertebrate’s i.e. Animals having back bones that include mammals, birds, reptiles, fishers, and amphibians. It consists of about 3 percent of the animal kingdom. Sub classifications of the vertebrate zoology include ichthyology, mammalogy, ornithology, herpetology and batrachology.
Journals related to Vertebrate Zoology
Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, Frontiers in Zoology, Zoological Science, Herpetological Monographs, Animal Biology
Molecular Cell Biology
Molecular and cellular biology is involved in the study of cellular morphology, regulation of gene expression, organization and genome. Molecular cell biology covers the physiological structures, organelles, their life cycle, division and death. It includes biotechnology, microbiology, and physiology.
Journals related to Molecular Cell Biology
The Belgian Journal of Zoology, New Zealand Journal of Zoology, Zoological journal, Herpetological Monographs, Zoological journal, Herpetological Monographs
Developmental Biology
Developmental biology is the study of various processes which were responsible for the growth and development of animals. Developmental biology is the understanding of developmental abnormalities, regeneration, and asexual reproduction in multicellular organisms.
Journals related to Developmental Biology
Canadian Journal of Zoology, African Zoology, Journal of Natural History, Experimental Zoology Part A: Ecological Genetics and Physiology, International Journal of Zoology Studies
Soil Zoology
Soil zoology is the study of the organisms which were living partially or fully in the ground. Soil is the home for millions of species living around the world and thousand were yet to be discovered as we know or explored universe better than the soil beneath our feet.
Journals related to Soil Zoology
European Journal of Soil Biology, Applied Soil Ecology, The Journal of Zoology Studies, Korean Journal of Soil Zoology, New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, The Enigma of Soil Animal Species Diversity Revisited
Paleozoology
Paleozoology is a branch of zoology that involves the study of the fossils and recovery of multicellular organisms remains from archeological contexts, also for identification of the fossils to reconstruct the ancient ecosystems such as the best known macrofossils found are dinosaurs, and various other extinct species.
Journals related to Paleozoology
Paleozoology, Conodont Paleozoology, International Journal of Fauna and Biological Studies, Conservation Biology and Applied Zooarchaeology, Quantitative Paleozoology
Research Journal of Zoology (RJZ) is an Open Access journal focusing on zoology as one subject providing an immense platform to publish original research articles, review articles, case reports, mini review, short communication, etc.
Due to advances in life sciences, zoology is being compromised by one or more sub-disciplinaries. However the recent development in the research on genetics and evolution has led to restoration of zoological sciences promoting a rigorous research in various fields of zoology enclosing the distinct aspects of animal life from gene to the ecosystem.
The journal publishes papers with integrative and preliminary approach to descriptive zoology, animal physiology and behavior ecology, developmental and functional evolution, cell biology, etc.
Manuscript can be submitted via Online Submission or send as an e-mail attachment to the Editorial Office at [email protected] or [email protected]
The journal scope covers these major topics but is not restricted to:
• Zoography
• Comparative Anatomy
• Animal Physiology
• Behavioral Ecology
• Ethology or Animal Behavior
• Invertebrate Zoology
• Vertebrate Zoology
• Animal Genetics and Cytogenetics
• Developmental Biology
• Molecular Cell Biology
• Soil Zoology
• Paleozoology
Manuscripts are evaluated by experts who are members of our Editorial Board Approved by at least two independent review comments to maintain the high quality processing of manuscripts. The articles published in the journal follow the peer-reviewed process to maintain the standards of publications and Foster the readers and society as well.
Animal Science
Animal Science is worried about the science and business of delivering local domesticated animals species, including yet not restricted to meat cows, dairy cows, stallions, poultry, sheep, and swine. A creature researcher applies standards of the organic, physical, and sociologies to the issues related with domesticated animals generation and administration. Animal Science is additionally worried about nourishments of creature inception: meat, dairy sustenances, and eggs. The nourishment business is one of the biggest and most vital ventures in the United States. Furthermore, creature science is worried about parts of sidekick creatures, including their nourishment, care, and welfare.
Journals related to Animal Science
Journal of Animal Ecology, Annual Review of Animal Biosciences, Mammal Review, Journal of Experimental Biology, Animal Behaviour, Integrative and Comparative Biology, Frontiers in Zoology.
Zoological Science
Zoological Science concerns with different properties, vital fact of animals, animal behavior and their life. Generally it is the study of animals and their day to day routine from genetic level to ecosystem or animal kingdom which covers their structure, habits, classification and their interaction with the ecosystem.
Journals related to Zoological Science
Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, Canadian Journal of Zoology, Frontiers in Zoology, Zoological Science, African Zoology, Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies
Marine Science
Marine life science is the investigation of creatures that live in the seas or other marine water bodies. In this unique situation, the word marine is exchangeable with saltwater. Along these lines, a sea life researcher thinks about living things that live in saltwater situations. A few cases of marine situations may incorporate wetlands or estuaries. This is as opposed to freshwater science, which is the investigation of creatures in freshwater, similar to lakes and waterways.
Journals related to Marine Science
Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, Marine Biology, Advances in Marine Biology, Oceanography and Marine Biology: an annual review, Marine Biology Research, Russian Journal of Marine Biology, Molecular Marine Biology and Biotechnology.
Animal Physiology
Animal physiology explores the internal physical and chemical functions of animals belonging to different genus and species. It the part of science which studies the basic functioning of living organisms or any of its parts or processes. Animal Physiology is important as it provide factors that give animals a better quality of life.
Journals related to Animal Physiology
Animal Biology, Journal of Natural History, The Belgian Journal of Zoology, New Zealand Journal of Zoology, Zoological journal, Herpetological Monographs
Animal Habitat
In biology, a living space is the sort of regular habitat in which a specific types of living being lives. It is described by both physical and natural highlights. An animal types' territory is those spots where it can discover nourishment, asylum, insurance and mates for generation.
Journals related to Animal Habitat
Animal Biology, Journal of Natural History, The Belgian Journal of Zoology, New Zealand Journal of Zoology, Zoological journal, Herpetological Monographs
Animal Behavior
Animal Behavior is the interaction of animals with nature, living beings and with each other. It is the relation between the animal and its surroundings and their relation with physical surroundings such as food, prey, predators, their mates and young ones. The active response done by the animal due to any change in the surroundings in the animal behavior.
Journals related to Animal Behavior
CIB Tech Journal of Zoology, International Journal of Zoology Research, Turkish Journal of Zoology, European Journal of Zoological Research, Netherlands Journal of Zoology, International Journal of Zoology Studies
Animal Diversity
Evolution of animals began almost 600 million years ago in the ocean since they have evolved to a wide range and diverse kingdom. Although hundreds of species of animals have been extinct today, still scientists and researchers discover new species around the world during their research in different ecosystems. The number of currently living species around the world is around 20 to 30 million.
Journals related to Animal Diversity
International Journal of Research Studies in Zoology, Scientific Journal of Zoology, Physiological and Biochemical Zoology, Current Zoology, Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B: Molecular and Developmental Evolution.
Zoography
Zoography is the study of animal description depending on their different habitats and forms around the world. Descriptive zoology or zoography describes or sort the animal kingdom according to their habitat and living structure.
Journals related to Zoography
Zoological Studies, Pakistan Journal of Zoology, Italian Journal of Zoology, Contributions to Zoology, Journal of Animal Ecology, Annual Review of Animal Biosciences
Animal genetics
Animal genetics is the study of genes which were responsible for changes in heredity and variation in species of domestic and wild animals around the world. Study of animal genetics is new and useful field due to their resistance capability against many infections, fungal diseases namely tuberculosis, mastitis, foot and mouth diseases and various other diseases.
Journals related to Animal genetics
Applied Entomology and Zoology, Integrative Zoology, Zoology, Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A: Ecological Genetics and Physiology, Zoological Studies
Cytogenetics
In animal reproducing, cytogenetic technique is connected to test suspicions of hypothesis. New wellsprings of hereditary variety might be chromosome modifications, duplications, aneuploidy, and euploidy. At the point when connected to cells in culture and joined with present day strategies for sub-atomic science, cytogenetic system can help find new loci, dole out qualities to particular chromosomes, and make hereditarily altered cell lines which can be brought into the germ line of creature populaces.
Journals related to Cytogenetics
Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, Canadian Journal of Zoology, Frontiers in Zoology, Zoological Science, African Zoology, Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies
Animal Husbandry
Animal farming is the branch of agribusiness worried about creatures that are raised for meat, fiber, drain, eggs, or different items. It incorporates everyday care, particular reproducing and the raising of domesticated animals.
Journals related to Animal Husbandry
European Journal of Soil Biology, Applied Soil Ecology, The Journal of Zoology Studies, Korean Journal of Soil Zoology, New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, The Enigma of Soil Animal Species Diversity Revisited
Invertebrate Zoology
Invertebrate Zoology is the study of invertebrates, animals without the backbone. Invertebrates consist of around 97 percent of total species around the world. Invertebrates are a diverse group of animal kingdom containing arthropods, different phyla of worms, echinoderms and various others sub classification contains anthropology, cnidariology, helminthology, malacology and invertebrate paleontology.
Journals related to Invertebrate Zoology
Invertebrate Zoology, Invertebrate Biology, Zoology Journal, Invertebrate Zoology, Mammal Review, Animal Behavior, Research & Reviews: Journal of Zoological Sciences
Vertebrate Zoology
Vertebrate zoology is the study of vertebrate’s i.e. Animals having back bones that include mammals, birds, reptiles, fishers, and amphibians. It consists of about 3 percent of the animal kingdom. Sub classifications of the vertebrate zoology include ichthyology, mammalogy, ornithology, herpetology and batrachology.
Journals related to Vertebrate Zoology
Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, Frontiers in Zoology, Zoological Science, Herpetological Monographs, Animal Biology
Molecular Cell Biology
Molecular and cellular biology is involved in the study of cellular morphology, regulation of gene expression, organization and genome. Molecular cell biology covers the physiological structures, organelles, their life cycle, division and death. It includes biotechnology, microbiology, and physiology.
Journals related to Molecular Cell Biology
The Belgian Journal of Zoology, New Zealand Journal of Zoology, Zoological journal, Herpetological Monographs, Zoological journal, Herpetological Monographs
Developmental Biology
Developmental biology is the study of various processes which were responsible for the growth and development of animals. Developmental biology is the understanding of developmental abnormalities, regeneration, and asexual reproduction in multicellular organisms.
Journals related to Developmental Biology
Canadian Journal of Zoology, African Zoology, Journal of Natural History, Experimental Zoology Part A: Ecological Genetics and Physiology, International Journal of Zoology Studies
Soil Zoology
Soil zoology is the study of the organisms which were living partially or fully in the ground. Soil is the home for millions of species living around the world and thousand were yet to be discovered as we know or explored universe better than the soil beneath our feet.
Journals related to Soil Zoology
European Journal of Soil Biology, Applied Soil Ecology, The Journal of Zoology Studies, Korean Journal of Soil Zoology, New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, The Enigma of Soil Animal Species Diversity Revisited
Paleozoology
Paleozoology is a branch of zoology that involves the study of the fossils and recovery of multicellular organisms remains from archeological contexts, also for identification of the fossils to reconstruct the ancient ecosystems such as the best known macrofossils found are dinosaurs, and various other extinct species.
Journals related to Paleozoology
Paleozoology, Conodont Paleozoology, International Journal of Fauna and Biological Studies, Conservation Biology and Applied Zooarchaeology, Quantitative Paleozoology
Diagnosing Viral Infections
The diagnosis of a viral infection is usually based on the physical symptoms and the history of the illness. A condition such as influenza, which is caused by a virus, is generally easy to diagnose because most people are familiar with the symptoms. Other types of viral infections may be harder to diagnose and various tests may have to be performed.
Various Diagnostic Tests for Viral Infections
The diagnosis of a viral infection is usually based on the physical symptoms and the history of the illness. A condition such as influenza, which is caused by a virus, is generally easy to diagnose because most people are familiar with the symptoms. Other types of viral infections may be harder to diagnose and various tests may have to be performed.
Various Diagnostic Tests for Viral Infections
- Blood tests to check for antibodies to viruses, or for the antigens themselves
- Cultures for samples of blood, bodily fluid, or other material taken from the infected area
- Spinal tap to examine the cerebrospinal fluid
- Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques may be used to make many copies of the viral genetic material, enabling doctors to rapidly and accurately identify the virus
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can detect increased swelling in the temporal lobes