Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of Paeonia lactiflora Pall., a traditional Chinese herbal medicine
Dong-Yi He and Sheng-Ming Dai In China, Korea, and Japan, a decoction of the dried root without bark of Paeonia lactiflora Pall. has been used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, hepatitis, dysmenorrhea, muscle cramping and spasms, and fever for more than 1200 years. A water/ethanol extract of the root is now known as total glucosides of peony (TGP), which contains more than 15 components. Front. Pharmacol., 25 February 2011 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2011.00010 www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2011.00010/full |
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Efficacy and Safety of Total Glucosides of Paeony for Rheumatoid Arthritis: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis Ce Tang; Lianghong Ye; ZhipengHu; MaoyiYang; Wenxiang Wang; Tingting Kuang; Gang Fan; Yi Zhang; XiuHua Liu Publication date 2020-08-12 journals.lww.com/md-journal/Fulltext/2020/09250/Efficacy_and_safety_of_total_glucosides_of_paeony.18.aspx |
The main active ingredient of paeony is a group of glycosides called total glucosides of white paeony (TGP). At present, TGP has been processed into Chinese patent medicine and widely used in clinical practice. In animal experiments, TGP was found to be able to inhibit inflammation, analgesia, and autoimmune response. These pharmacological effects may be through the inhibition of interleukin-1 (IL-1), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and joint synovial cell proliferation, bidirectional regulation of IL-2, and regulation of NF- κB signaling pathway.[7–9] In clinical trials, TGP can downregulate serum rheumatoid factor (RF), C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) levels, reduce inflammatory reaction, and relieve arthritis symptoms. In clinical trials, combination treatments of TGP and other medicines have better efficacy than other drugs alone.[10]
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Tropane alkaloids
The Belladonna contains toxic tropane alkaloids. Its berries have the highest concentration of this toxin. A mere 2 to 5 of its little berries can kill an adult if treatment is not sought. The toxin first interrupts the nervous system, causing problems with breathing and irregular heartbeats.
cdnmedia.eurofins.com/eurofins-germany/media/1421039/tropanalkaloide_eng.pdf
The Belladonna contains toxic tropane alkaloids. Its berries have the highest concentration of this toxin. A mere 2 to 5 of its little berries can kill an adult if treatment is not sought. The toxin first interrupts the nervous system, causing problems with breathing and irregular heartbeats.
cdnmedia.eurofins.com/eurofins-germany/media/1421039/tropanalkaloide_eng.pdf
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