About Risks of Blood Transfusion
Although blood transfusion saves lives and reduces morbidities in many clinical diseases and conditions, it is associated with certain risks. A transfusion-related adverse event, also called transfusion reaction, is any unfavourable event occurring in a patient during or after blood transfusion. About 0.5% to 3% of all transfusions result in some adverse events, but the majority of them are minor reactions with no significant consequences. In general, transfusion-related adverse events are categorized as infectious and noninfectious. However, there are other classifications in the literature based on time of occurrence (i.e. acute versus delayed) or physiological mechanism (i.e. immune mediated versus nonimmune mediated) (Table 1). A significant proportion of adverse events may occur as a result of errors in preparation, ordering or administration of blood and blood products. |
Infectious Risks of Transfusion
Currently, the risk of transmission of infectious diseases through transfusion in Canada is minimal, because effective preventive strategies, including new laboratory tests, have been implemented. Nevertheless, many infectious agents, including viruses, bacteria, and parasites, can be transmitted through blood transfusion. (1) |
Viruses
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Bacteria
Parasites
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Emerging Blood-Borne Pathogens
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Effectiveness of pathogen inactivation
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Rickettsia rickettsii