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Any political leader must possess -- according to Machiavelli -- if they are to succeed in their leadership,
is is the quality which, in the Italian is called virtu.
is is the quality which, in the Italian is called virtu.
Alchemy : a medieval chemical science and speculative philosophy aiming to achieve the transmutation of the base metals into gold, the discovery of a universal cure for disease, and the discovery of a means of indefinitely prolonging life
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Gemstones in Middle Age Europe
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crystals
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The Church in the Middle Ages, from the 5th century to the 16th century AD was the biggest and richest collector of valuable gemstones in Europe. These were a powerful display of wealth in a time marked by human disasters like the plague, as well as widespread superstition, fear and despair.
During this time, the belief in the healing and protective powers of gemstones grew. Those who could afford them, wore gemstones as talismans on necklaces and rings to ward off illness, evil, and bad luck. At the height of the Dark Ages, the Church commissioned the goldsmiths of the time to make ornate gemstone-decorated religious objects using stones like garnets, jasper, ivory, sapphires and emeralds. |
Frans II. Francken: Hexenküche, um 1610 Kunsthistorisches Museum http://www.habsburger.net/de/medien/frans-ii-francken-hexenkuche-um-1610?language=en
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Watch this documentary: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jpQGmy-pLRk about the most famous witchcraft trials of the history of the USA, dated from 1692. Which relations can you establish between the facts of Salem and the persecution of witchcraft that we have studied in this module?
Salem Witch Trial Full Documentary The Geographic
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jpQGmy-pLRk Published on Dec 1, 2014 This is a documentary on the background of the Salem Witch Trials from the History Channel archives. The Salem witch trials occurred in colonial Massachusetts between 1692 and 1693. More than 200 people were accused of practicing witchcraft—the Devil's magic—and 20 were executed. Eventually, the colony admitted the trials were a mistake and compensated the families of those convicted. Since then, the story of the trials has become synonymous with paranoia and injustice, and it continues to beguile the popular imagination more than 300 years later. Read more: http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/a-brief-history-of-the-salem-witch-trials-175162489/#drXg1bbQKvwWGpyT.99 |
Cotton Mather
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cotton_Mather Ergot of Rye - I: Introduction and History http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/wong/BOT135/LECT12.HTM There was a lot of money to be made off the witch trials. George Corwin was the High Sheriff of Essex County, Massachusetts, Thomas Danforth http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Danforth Thomas Putnam was a member of the Putnam family and a resident of Salem Village and a significant accuser in the notorious 1692 Salem witch trials. His father, Lt. Thomas Putnam, Sr. was one of Salem's wealthiest residents. He was excluded from major inheritances by both his father and father-in-law. His half-brother, Joseph, who had benefited most from their father's estate, married into the rival Porter family, fueling ill will between the clans. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Putnam, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Putnam_family) Cultural depictions of the Salem witch trials http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_the_Salem_witch_trials Timeline of the Salem witch trials http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Salem_witch_trials |
In 300 A.D. the Roman Empire started to decline. By 410 it completely withdrew from Britain, leaving her people without any defense against the warring tribes of Angles, Saxons, Scots, and Picts which invaded them from all sides. This withdrawal would lead to the total devastation of the people of Britain. In desperation, they cried out for a savior, a Hero to rescue them from the turmoil... NOTES: Early & Medieval Church Historyhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yh_CZSLMxGo&list=PLRgREWf4NFWZEd86aVEpQ7B3YxXPhUEf- Medieval Society : Medieval Changes in Weather (MWP) 950-1250, |
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yh_CZSLMxGo
How would you value the magical thought today in comparison to magic in the Middle Ages? Do you think we have prejudices regarding this period? Are we still under the legacy of the Renaissance artists, who introduced themselves as the ‘light’ after some ‘Dark Ages’ for ‘marketing purposes’?
During this first interrogations, most of the defendants maintained their innocence. It was through the inquiry, statements of the witnesses provided incriminating evidence which could be reinforced by means of other sorts of judicial procedures. The most commonly used was the test known as the "examination of marks". It consisted in undressing the accused and searching for marks in her body, which were considered as the marks of the Devil. The marks were usually found in the shoulders or at the back. Sometimes they were only visible after rubbing them with holy water or piercing them with needles. With that kind of evidence, the prosecutor could already ask the court for a condemnatory sentence. But most of the times, this wasn't enough to demonstrate guilt, and so the court proceeded with what was called an "interlocutory sentence of torment" (interlocutoria tormentorum).
Examination_of_a_Witch
Tompkins Harrison Matteson was an American painter who's paintings are known for their historical, patriotic, and religious themes.
Examination_of_a_Witch
Tompkins Harrison Matteson was an American painter who's paintings are known for their historical, patriotic, and religious themes.
Encyclopedia Mythica
Over 11,000 articles related to anything mythology: Greek, Roman, Norse, Celtic, Native American, and more. The mythology sections are divided into geographical regions, so you can search based on country, plus, there are special gallery sections such as heroes, genealogical information, and more.
pantheon.org/ |
...Epistle 36, the authors review a long list of celestial revolutions and conjunctions, and then proceed to mention the implications that these events exert upon the world and its inhabitants. From the coming to be of worms, bugs and lice to the emergence of new religions and empires, and from the replacing of men on the royal throne to the interchange of mainlands and seas on the whole surface of the Earth, it would seem that absolutely nothing in this world of coming- o-be and passing-away escapes the influence of this extreme determinism.
In these and other epistles of the corpus, the Brethren put forward a theory according to which the history of the world is made of a series of cycles of 7,000 years each, and each divided into seven millennia.
Every millennium is in turn said to be heralded by a prophet.
Muhammad, the prophet of Islam, is not said to be the seventh and last one. Rather, he is number six, coming after
1. Adam,
2. Noah,
3. Abraham,
4. Moses, and
5. Jesus. As for number seven, the Brethren call him the
6.
7. Qa'im of Resurrection": he is the Mahdi that will come at the end of time and by whom the esoteric part of the Revelation will be made plain to the world of mankind. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasir_Khusraw
In these and other epistles of the corpus, the Brethren put forward a theory according to which the history of the world is made of a series of cycles of 7,000 years each, and each divided into seven millennia.
Every millennium is in turn said to be heralded by a prophet.
Muhammad, the prophet of Islam, is not said to be the seventh and last one. Rather, he is number six, coming after
1. Adam,
2. Noah,
3. Abraham,
4. Moses, and
5. Jesus. As for number seven, the Brethren call him the
6.
7. Qa'im of Resurrection": he is the Mahdi that will come at the end of time and by whom the esoteric part of the Revelation will be made plain to the world of mankind. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasir_Khusraw
In European Christian culture of the Middle Ages, David was made a member of the Nine Worthies, a group of heroes encapsulating all the ideal qualities of chivalry.
His life was thus proposed as a valuable subject for study by those
aspiring to chivalric status. This aspect of David in the Nine Worthies
was popularised firstly through literature, and was thereafter adopted
as a frequent subject for painters and sculptors. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David
Abū Bakr al-Rāzī
lived at the turn of the 9th and 10th centuries. His alchemy may be characterized as more empirical than any other treaties of his time: Razi often relied on his own experiments more than on authorities, especially for his classification of materials, which remained for long one of the most precise and detailed classifications. |
Jildaki
One of the last great Arabic alchemists, Jildaki |
Khālid ibn Yazīd
the first Arabic alchemist was Khalid ibn Yazid, fourth, Umayyad caliph, who lived in the 7th century. |
Jabir ibn Hayyan
in the second half of the 8th century, the most famous and prominent Arabic alchemist was Jabir ibn Hayyan. A very large collection of alchemical texts (corpus Jabirianum) : influenced almost all later authors, up to one of the last great Arabic alchemists, Jildaki. The Jabirian texts put forward a physical doctrine inspired by the Greek system of the four elements as found in the works of Galen, but refined to an exceptional degree of complexity. Each thing of the sublunary world is compounded of four elements, fire, earth, air and water.... |
The humours were thought to be in a constant state of flux – with their change depending on factors such as diet and activity – and their presence and imbalance was believed to affect a person’s health, even determining what we would now refer to as personality, temperament or disposition; e.g., too much black bile would make you melancholic. Traces of this thinking can still be found in our language today when we talk of people being ‘cold’ or ‘hot tempered’. http://www.cosmeticsandskin.com/aba/complexion.php
Beginning in the 11th Century, love became an essential part of the Code of Chivalry, expressed in social life, and literature. Knighthood became more than a matter of war and feudal dependence; it became romantic.http://historicalhearts.blogspot.ca/2014/11/chivalry-and-medieval-romance-regan.html
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http://www.powershow.com/view1/67bdb-ZDc1Z/Chretien_de_Troyes_powerpoint_ppt_presentation
http://cla.calpoly.edu/~dschwart/engl203/lancelot.html |
Now you can adopt one of Notre-Dame's grotesque stone creatures to help fund rebuilding
A conservation group is offering members of the public the chance to donate to restore specific artifacts at the Notre-Dame cathedral in Paris, which was partially destroyed by fire in 2019.
Friends of Notre-Dame de Paris is running a crowdfunding campaign designed to boost the rebuilding project, and supporters can choose what their money is used for -- from saints to alarming stone "grotesques." Read the full Story: Now you can adopt one of Notre-Dame's grotesque stone creatures to help fund rebuilding https://www.cnn.com/style/article/notre-dame-cathedral-crowdfunder-scli-intl/index.html The Fire: https://www.cnn.com/style/article/notre-dame-cathedral-crowdfunder-scli-intl/index.html |
The Knight of the Cart by Chrétien de Troyes,
Christine Toner writes on a number of subjects for the Tapestry House including unicorn art.
http://www.thetapestryhouse.com/products/list/medieval-unicorn.html http://www.thetapestryhouse.com/ http://www.cbc.ca/liveradio/popup/index.html?networkKey=cbc_radio_one&programKey=london |
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